Table 2.
Patient characteristics, comorbidities, and medications stratified by undetectable, suboptimal and optimal response to COVID-19 vaccination.
| Variable | Undetectable (n = 18) | Suboptimal (n = 61) | Optimal (n = 154) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD) | 64.8 (9.73) | 63.9 (12.24) | 62.4 (12.05) | 0.58 |
| Sex, female | 9 (50%) | 32 (52%) | 74 (48%) | 0.84 |
| Race | ||||
| Caucasian | 13 (72%) | 47 (77%) | 120 (78%) | 0.66 |
| African American | 5 (28%) | 10 (16%) | 27 (18%) | |
| Others | 0 (0%) | 4 (7%) | 7 (5%) | |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 30.6 (6.3) | 28.7 (6.1) | 30.3 (6.1) | 0.19 |
| Smoking | ||||
| No | 7 (39%) | 28 (46%) | 88 (57%) | 0.14 |
| Yes | 1 (6%) | 11 (18%) | 17 (11%) | |
| Former | 10 (56%) | 22 (36%) | 49 (32%) | |
| Etiology# | ||||
| AIH/PBC/PSC | 8 (44%) | 21 (34%) | 32 (21%) | 0.07 |
| Alcoholic | 2 (11%) | 10 (16%) | 20 (13%) | |
| HBV/HCV | 3 (17%) | 18 (30%) | 37 (24%) | |
| NAFLD | 5 (28%) | 11 (18%) | 57 (37%) | |
| Others | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | 8 (5%) | |
| Cirrhosis | 3 (17%) | 15 (25%) | 61 (40%) | 0.03 |
| Compensated cirrhosis | 2 (11%) | 13 (21%) | 54 (35%) | 0.03 |
| Decompensated cirrhosis | 1 (6%) | 2 (3%) | 7 (5%) | 0.88 |
| Liver transplant | 11 (61%) | 27 (44%) | 24 (16%) | <0.0001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| 0 | 2 (11%) | 13 (21%) | 44 (29%) | 0.08 |
| 1 | 8 (44%) | 19 (31%) | 44 (29%) | |
| 2 | 2 (11%) | 15 (25%) | 36 (23%) | |
| 3 | 5 (28%) | 7 (11%) | 22 (14%) | |
| 4 | 0 (0%) | 6 (10%) | 8 (5%) | |
| 5 | 1 (6%) | 1 (2%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Renal impairment | 10 (56%) | 23 (38%) | 32 (21%) | 0.001 |
| Immunosuppression (n) | ||||
| 0 | 2 (11%) | 22 (36%) | 114 (74%) | <0.0001 |
| 1 | 2 (11%) | 26 (43%) | 31 (20%) | |
| 2-3 | 14 (78%) | 13 (21%) | 9 (6%) | |
| Vaccine manufacturer | ||||
| Moderna | 10 (56%) | 16 (26%) | 84 (55%) | <0.0001 |
| Pfizer | 6 (33%) | 31 (51%) | 67 (44%) | |
| Johnson & Johnson | 2 (11%) | 14 (23%) | 3 (2%) | |
AIH, autoimmune hepatitis; NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; PBC, primary biliary cholangitis; PSC, primary sclerosing cholangitis.
#
When there was more than 1 etiology, classified by predominant cause for statistical analysis.