Table 3.
Overview of included observational longitudinal studies investigating the association of oral function with dietary intake and nutritional status.
| Author [#Ref.] | Year | Setting | Participants |
Measures |
Results | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Age | Exposure | Outcome | ||||
| Gaewkhiew et al. [39] | 2020 | Community | 651 | ≥60 | Presence of FD and dentures | BMI, WC, TSF, and nutrient intake estimated using FFQ | Presence of FD and dentures at baseline was not associated with 12-month changes in BMI, WC, TSF, and nutrient intake. |
| Hiratsuka et al. [28] | 2020 | Community | 891 | Mean (s.d.) = 75.5 (4.7) | Number of teeth | All-cause mortality | Having 1−9 teeth was associated with increased mortality mediated by malnutrition compared with having ≥20 teeth (mediation analysis, mediation proportion [95% CI] = 10.0 [3.0–28.7]). |
| Mediator = malnutrition (serum albumin <3.8 g/dL) | |||||||
| Kiesswettera et al. [30] | 2019 | Community | 893 | Mean (s.d.) = 67.6 (6.1) | Oral health characteristics based on self-report | Self-reported involuntary weight loss of ≥5% or low BMI (<20 kg/m2 and <22 kg/m2 in participants <70 and ≥70 years, respectively) | Toothache while chewing was associated with incidence of malnutrition (Cox-proportional hazard regression model, adjusted HR [95% CI] = 2.14 [1.10–4.19]). Self-rated oral health status (2.10 [0.88–4.98]) and xerostomia with edentulous (1.99 [0.93–4.28]) were close to the level of significance. |
| Logan et al. [32] | 2020 | Community | 1096 | Mean (s.d.) = 67.6 (6.1) | Dentition status: 21–28 teeth with and without dentures, 1–20 teeth with and without dentures, and edentate with dentures | Dietary intake estimated using FFQ | After an average time period of 13 years, having 21 or more natural teeth remaining was positively associated with dietary intake of fruit, vegetables, and nuts and resulted in higher diet quality scores (MDS and DDS) compared with those with severe tooth loss (i.e., 1–20 teeth or edentate) (linear regression model). |
| Maeda et al. [44] | 2019 | Hospital | 8768 | Mean (s.d.) = 76.1 (6.9) | BMI, MNA-SF, and amount of food intake at admission | Decline in swallowing ability indicated by FOIS of ≤5 at discharge | Malnutrition evaluated using MNA-SF (logistic regression model, adjusted OR [95% CI] = 0.92 [0.87–0.97]) and insufficient nutritional intake (OR [95% CI] = 2.33 [1.60–3.40]) were associated with swallowing disorder development. |
| Wang et al. [36] | 2020 | Hospital (patients with head and neck cancer undergoing RT) | 122 | Mean (s.d.) = 51.3 (15.2) | MDADI | Weight ratio (present weight/baseline weight × 100%) and PG-SGA | Poor swallowing functional outcomes related to a lower weight ratio (GEE, regression weight = 0.032, p = 0.01) and worsened nutritional status (regression weight = −0.115, p < 0.01). |
β = standardized coefficient, BMI = body mass index, CI = confidence interval, DDS = dietary diversity score, FD = functional dentition, FFQ = food frequency questionnaire, FOIS = functional oral intake scale, GEE = generalized estimating equation, HR = hazard ratio, IQR = interquartile range, MDADI = MD Anderson Dysphagia Inventory, MDS = Mediterranean diet score, OR = odds ratio, PG-SGA = Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment, RT = radiotherapy, s.d. = standard deviation, TSF = triceps skinfold thickness, WC = waist circumference.