Table 1.

Definition of advanced heart failure

Stages of cardiogenic shock (SCAI CONSENSUS DOCUMENT)
Stage A	At risk	A patient who is not currently experiencing signs or symptoms of CS, but is at risk for its development. These patients may include those with large acute myocardial infarction or prior infarction acute and/or acute on chronic heart failure symptoms.
Stage B	Beginning cardiogenic shock	A patient who has clinical evidence of relative hypotension or tachycardia without hypoperfusion.
Stage C	Classic cardiogenic shock	A patient that manifests with hypoperfusion that requires intervention (inotrope, pressure or mechanical support, including ECMO) beyond volume resuscitation to restore perfusion. These patients typically present with relative hypotension.
Stage D	Deteriorating or Doom	A patient that is similar to category C but are getting worse. They have failure to respond to initial interventions
Stages E	Extremis	A patient that is experiencing cardiac arrest with ongoing CPR and/or ECMO, being supported by multiple interventions

ABP-shock II	ESC	SCAI
Systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg for at least 30 min or need for catecholamine infusion to support systolic blood pressure >90 mmHg Pulmonary congestion Hypoperfusion (impaired sensory, diuresis <30 mL/h, cold extremities or lactates > 2.0 mmol/L)	Systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg in the presence of adequate volume. Cold extremities, oliguria, impaired sensory, dizziness, hyposphygmic wrists. Metabolic acidosis, elevate serum lactate values, elevate blood creatinine values	Systolic blood pressure <90 mmHg o MAP < 60 mmHg of pressure drop > 30 mmHg compared to baseline and inotropes o device used to maintain a pressure above these target. Impaired sensory, oliguria < 30 mL/h, volume overload, need for Bipap or mechanical ventilation Lactates > 2.0 mmol/L, creatinine values doubled or, GFR halved, BNP high value