Table I.
Previously reported cases of pemphigus primarily localized to the nasal region
| Reference | Age (y), sex | Pemphigus type | Remained localized | Antibodies | Treatment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Paramsothy15 | 34, M | PF | No | DIF: IgG deposition between epidermal cells IIF: Positive |
Oral prednisone |
| Paramsothy15 | 65, M | PF | No | DIF: IgG between epidermal cells and IgM in basement membrane IIIF: Positive |
Topical clobetasol propionate |
| Newton et al13 | 27, M | PF | Yes | DIF: Intercellular IgG and C3 | Topical clobetasol propionate |
| Newton et al13 | 62, F | PF | No | DIF: Intercellular IgG | Oral cyclophosphamide |
| Newton et al13 | 43, M | PF | Yes | DIF: None | Oral prednisolone, 20 mg/d |
| Kishibe16 | 63, M | PF | Yes | DIF: IgG deposition | Oral prednisolone 40 mg/d |
| Ghoneim and Zaiac11 | 37, M | PF | Yes | DIF: Intercellular IgG and C3 throughout epidermis | Triamcinolone ointment and one-time intralesional injection of triamcinolone 2.5 mg/mL |
| Fleming17 |
51, M | PF | Yes | DIF: Intercellular IgG and C3 | Topical steroids (unspecified) and oral prednisolone |
| Mandel et al9 | 74, M | PF/PV | Yes | Histopathology: Acantholysis with formation of clefts in the granular and spinous layers of the epidermis DIF: IgG and C3 throughout epidermis IIF: Intracellular antibodies (titer, 1:40) in suprabasal epidermis |
Oral prednisone 25 mg/d for 1 mo |
| Aizawa18 | M | PF/PV | Unknown | Histopathology: Subcorneal acantholysis DIF: None IIF: IgG deposits on keratinocyte cell surface CLIA: Anti-DSG-1 antibodies (391 U/mL); anti-DSG-3 antibodies (23.5 U/mL; normal level, <20 U/mL for both) ELISA: Negative result for desmocollins 1-3 |
Topical corticosteroids (unspecified) |
| Zhang19 | 36, M | PV | Yes | DIF: IgG and C3 in a patchy net-like intercellular pattern in the epidermis IIF: Monkey esophagus, negative ELISA: Anti-DSG-3 antibodies (89.6 U/mL, normal < 20); negative result for anti-DSG-1 antibody |
Mometasone furoate cream 1% |
| Sigmund20 | 43, F | PV, vegetans type | Yes | Histopathology: Mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate that included a large number of eosinophils and plasma cells; pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia; intraepidermoid microabscesses; eosinophilic spongiosis | Prednisone 60 mg daily for 2 wk and maintained on prednisone 30 mg daily |
| Taylor21 | 65, M | PV | No | Topical and intralesional steroids |
CLIA, Chemiluminescent immunoassay; DIF, direct immunofluorescence; DSG, desmoglein; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; Ig, immunoglobulin; IIF, indirect immunofluorescence; PF, pemphigus foliaceus; PV, pemphigus vulgaris.