Table 2. Demographic and Clinical Information of Acute Stroke Patients Admitted to Participating Hospitals From Weeks 11–24 in 2019 to Weeks 11–24 in 2020, Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Programa .
| Variable | All Stroke |
Hemorrhagic Stroke |
Ischemic Stroke |
Transient Ischemic Attack |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2019 | 2020 | P Valueb | 2019 | 2020 | P Valueb | 2019 | 2020 | P Valueb | 2019 | 2020 | P Valueb | |
| Total | 35,851 | 28,610 | — | 5,568 | 4,877 | — | 26,543 | 21,557 | — | 3,740 | 2,176 | — |
| Age, median (IQR), y | 71 (60–81) | 70 (60–81) | <.001 | 68 (55–79) | 67 (56–78) | .21 | 71 (61–82) | 71 (60–81) | <.001 | 73 (62–82) | 73 (63–82) | .69 |
| Age group, y | ||||||||||||
| 18–64 | 12,189 (34.0) | 10,217 (35.7) | <.001 | 2,414 (43.4) | 2,173 (44.6) | .41 | 8,636 (32.5) | 7,418 (34.4) | <.001 | 1,139 (30.5) | 626 (28.8) | .51 |
| 65–74 | 8,814 (24.6) | 7,121 (24.9) | .45 | 1,253 (22.5) | 1,136 (23.3) | .52 | 6,654 (25.1) | 5,447 (25.3) | .72 | 907 (24.3) | 538 (24.7) | .93 |
| 75–84 | 8,521 (23.8) | 6,584 (23.0) | .04 | 1,177 (21.1) | 986 (20.2) | .43 | 6,394 (24.1) | 5,011 (23.2) | .047 | 950 (25.4) | 587 (27.0) | .51 |
| ≥85 | 6,327 (17.6) | 4,688 (16.4) | <.001 | 724 (13.0) | 582 (11.9) | .21 | 4,859 (18.3) | 3,681 (17.1) | <.001 | 744 (19.9) | 425 (19.5) | .93 |
| Male sex | 17,857 (49.8) | 14,746 (51.5) | <.001 | 2,693 (48.4) | 2,473 (50.7) | .06 | 13,488 (50.8) | 11,228 (52.1) | .01 | 1,676 (44.8) | 1,045 (48.0) | .12 |
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| Non-Hispanic White | 24,526 (68.4) | 19,059 (66.6) | <.001 | 3,498 (62.8) | 2,923 (59.9) | .01 | 18,370 (69.2) | 14,573 (67.6) | <.001 | 2,658 (71.1) | 1,563 (71.8) | .93 |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 6,063 (16.9) | 4,964 (17.4) | .18 | 929 (16.7) | 823 (16.9) | .82 | 4,508 (17.0) | 3,810 (17.7) | .07 | 626 (16.7) | 331 (15.2) | .43 |
| Hispanic | 1,977 (5.5) | 1,805 (6.3) | <.001 | 411 (7.4) | 423 (8.7) | .06 | 1,348 (5.1) | 1,250 (5.8) | .001 | 218 (5.8) | 132 (6.1) | .93 |
| Other racec | 3,285 (9.2) | 2,782 (9.7) | .03 | 730 (13.1) | 708 (14.5) | .12 | 2,317 (8.7) | 1,924 (8.9) | .57 | 238 (6.4) | 150 (6.9) | .80 |
| Health insurance | ||||||||||||
| Medicaid | 3,525 (9.8) | 2,770 (9.7) | .61 | 745 (13.4) | 633 (13.0) | .67 | 2,461 (9.3) | 1,968 (9.1) | .72 | 319 (8.5) | 169 (7.8) | .69 |
| Medicare | 22,886 (63.8) | 17,003 (59.4) | <.001 | 3,052 (54.8) | 2,556 (52.4) | .06 | 17,342 (65.3) | 12,992 (60.3) | <.001 | 2,492 (66.6) | 1,455 (66.9) | .93 |
| Private | 7,914 (22.1) | 5,563 (19.4) | <.001 | 1,460 (26.2) | 1,090 (22.3) | <.001 | 5,622 (21.2) | 4,084 (18.9) | <.001 | 832 (22.2) | 389 (17.9) | <.001 |
| Self pay/no insurance | 1,180 (3.3) | 959 (3.4) | .75 | 251 (4.5) | 217 (4.4) | .89 | 851 (3.2) | 682 (3.2) | .85 | 78 (2.1) | 60 (2.8) | .40 |
| Not documented | 346 (1.0) | 2,315 (8.1) | <.001 | 60 (1.1) | 381 (7.8) | <.001 | 267 (1.0) | 1,831 (8.5) | <.001 | 19 (0.5) | 103 (4.7) | <.001 |
| Time between last known to be well and emergency department arrival, median (IQR), h | 4.5 (1.4–11.9) | 4.9 (1.7–12.8) | <.001 | 4.0 (1.4–9.2) | 4.1 (1.6–9.6) | .58 | 5.1 (1.7–12.9) | 5.6 (1.9–13.8) | <.001 | 2.3 (1.0–6.4) | 2.3 (1.0–6.4) | .69 |
| Arrival at hospital by emergency medical services | 15,757 (44.0) | 13,471 (47.1) | <.001 | 2,364 (42.5) | 2,085 (42.8) | .82 | 11,720 (44.2) | 10,268 (47.6) | <.001 | 1,673 (44.7) | 1,118 (51.4) | <.001 |
| NIHSS score, median (IQR)d | 3 (1–8) | 4 (1–10) | <.001 | 7 (2–19) | 9 (2–20) | <.001 | 3 (2–6) | 4 (1–9) | <.001 | 1 (0–3) | 1 (0–3) | .93 |
| NIHSS scored | ||||||||||||
| Missing | 3,885 (10.8) | 3,016 (10.5) | — | 1,842 (33.1) | 1,503 (30.8) | — | 1,737 (6.5) | 1,362 (6.3) | — | 306 (8.2) | 151 (6.9) | — |
| 0–4 | 19,149 (53.4) | 14,258 (49.8) | <.001 | 1,559 (28.0) | 1,283 (26.3) | .14 | 14,652 (55.2) | 11,257 (52.2) | <.001 | 2,938 (78.6) | 1,718 (79.0) | .93 |
| 5–24 | 11,371 (31.7) | 9,936 (34.7) | <.001 | 1,646 (29.6) | 1,526 (31.3) | .14 | 9,238 (34.8) | 8,108 (37.6) | <.001 | 487 (13.0) | 302 (13.9) | .70 |
| ≥25 | 1,446 (4.0) | 1,400 (4.9) | <.001 | 521 (9.4) | 565 (11.6) | .001 | 916 (3.5) | 830 (3.9) | .03 | 9 (0.2) | 5 (0.2) | .93 |
| Medical history | ||||||||||||
| Hypertension | 27,136 (75.7) | 21,311 (74.5) | <.001 | 3,907 (70.2) | 3,352 (68.7) | .22 | 20,373 (76.8) | 16,293 (75.6) | .005 | 2,856 (76.4) | 1,666 (76.6) | .93 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 17,835 (49.7) | 14,271 (49.9) | .76 | 2,065 (37.1) | 1,857 (38.1) | .49 | 13,733 (51.7) | 11,175 (51.8) | .86 | 2,037 (54.5) | 1,239 (56.9) | .30 |
| Diabetes | 11,908 (33.2) | 9,464 (33.1) | .76 | 1,292 (23.2) | 1,153 (23.6) | .70 | 9,348 (35.2) | 7,576 (35.1) | .87 | 1,268 (33.9) | 735 (33.8) | .93 |
| Current smoker | 6,288 (17.5) | 5,004 (17.5) | .87 | 878 (15.8) | 746 (15.3) | .64 | 4,963 (18.7) | 4,003 (18.6) | .81 | 447 (12.0) | 255 (11.7) | .93 |
| Myocardial infarction/coronary artery disease | 7,700 (21.5) | 5,997 (21.0) | .16 | 855 (15.4) | 735 (15.1) | .77 | 5,855 (22.4) | 4,210 (21.8) | .30 | 909 (24.3) | 540 (24.8) | .93 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 6,549 (18.3) | 5,044 (17.6) | .05 | 822 (14.8) | 752 (15.4) | .52 | 5,089 (19.2) | 3,875 (18.0) | .002 | 638 (17.1) | 417 (19.2) | .23 |
| Heart failure | 3,660 (10.2) | 3,026 (10.6) | .17 | 423 (7.6) | 389 (8.0) | .63 | 2,854 (10.8) | 2,422 (11.2) | .13 | 383 (10.2) | 215 (9.9) | .93 |
Abbreviation: —, does not apply; IQR, interquartile range; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale.
a
Week 11 (March 10–16, 2019) through week 24 (June 9–15, 2019) defined as the pre-COVID-19 pandemic period and week 11 (March 8–14, 2020) through week 24 (June 7–13, 2020) as the COVID-19 pandemic weeks. All values are number (percentage) unless otherwise indicated. Data source: Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Program.
b
False discovery rate-adjusted P values at threshold of 5%.
c
Includes Asian, Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander, American Indian/Alaska Native, and unknown.
d
NIHSS score ranges from 0 to 42; the higher the score, the greater the impairment.