Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics by Social Network Index (SNI) Categorya
| Characteristic | SNI = 1 (n = 187) | SNI = 2 (n = 360) | SNI = 3 (n = 114) | SNI = 4 (n = 67) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Mean ± SD or N (%) or Min - Max | Mean ± SD or N (%) or Min - Max | Mean ± SD or N (%) or Min - Max | Mean ± SD or N (%) or Min - Max | p valueb | |
| Social network index raw score | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 2.9 ± 1.4 | 6.1 ± 0.3 | 9.2 ± 1.4 | <0.001 |
| MSPSS Score | 35.5 ± 12.7 | 39.9 ± 12.2 | 48.9 ± 7.9 | 45.0 ± 11.3 | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 57.0 ± 10.0 | 57.7 ± 11.5 | 60.1 ± 11.7 | 64.4 ± 11.6 | <0.001 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 177 (94.7%) | 336 (93.3%) | 109 (95.6%) | 66 (98.5%) | 0.35 |
| White race, n (%) | 107 (57.8%) | 200 (56.7%) | 82 (71.9%) | 34 (51.5%) | 0.02 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 84.1 ± 23.0 | 84.2 ± 22.0 | 81.4 ± 21.1 | 77.4 ± 20.4 | 0.09 |
| College graduate, n (%) | 46 (24.7%) | 106 (29.4%) | 47 (41.2%) | 18 (26.9%) | 0.02 |
| Annual income <$20,000, n (%) | 89 (47.6%) | 120 (33.6%) | 12 (10.5%) | 8 (12.1%) | <0.001 |
| Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, n (%) | 72 (38.5%) | 123 (34.2%) | 37 (32.5%) | 21 (31.3%) | 0.61 |
| CAPS Score past month | |||||
| CAPS Score total | 30.3 ± 33.3 | 27.8 ± 31.1 | 27.1 ± 29.5 | 23.9 ± 30.2 | 0.53 |
| CAPS Re-experiencing | 7.5 ± 9.3 | 7.5 ± 9.3 | 7.2 ± 9.6 | 5.9 ± 8.6 | 0.59 |
| CAPS Avoidance | 12.6 ± 14.5 | 10.3 ± 12.7 | 9.5 ± 11.2 | 8.6 ± 11.8 | 0.07 |
| CAPS Hyperarousal | 10.2 ± 11.3 | 9.8 ± 11.0 | 10.4 ± 10.7 | 9.5 ± 11.5 | 0.92 |
| Health related behaviors | |||||
| Current smoker, n (%) | 62 (33.5%) | 90 (25.1%) | 13 (11.5%) | 14 (20.9%) | <0.001 |
| Physical inactivity, n (%) | 61 (32.8%) | 103 (28.8%) | 31 (27.4%) | 15 (22.4%) | 0.41 |
| Problematic alcohol use, n (%) | 77 (42.8%) | 137 (39.7%) | 54 (47.8%) | 27 (40.3%) | 0.49 |
| Poor sleep quality, n (%) | 85 (46.0%) | 129 (36.0%) | 41 (36.3%) | 25 (37.3%) | 0.14 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.7 ± 5.7 | 29.0 ± 5.7 | 29.5 ± 5.4 | 29.3 ± 5.1 | 0.66 |
| Inflammatory markers | |||||
| hs-CRP Range (mg/L)c | 0.16 – 44.0 | 0.16 – 88.0 | 0.16 – 24.0 | 0.16 – 21.1 | 0.09 |
| WBC count Range (x109/L)c | 2.4 – 15.4 | 2.8 – 18.2 | 3.2 – 14.0 | 3.4 – 11.3 | 0.07 |
| Fibrinogen Range (mg/dL)c | 154 – 660 | 91 – 761 | 182 – 626 | 196 – 462 | 0.26 |
| Medication use | |||||
| Statins, n (%) | 57 (30.5%) | 121 (33.8%) | 60 (52.6%) | 33 (49.3%) | <.001 |
| Antidepressants, n (%) | 55 (30.7%) | 86 (48.0%) | 23 (12.9%) | 67 (9.2%) | 0.29 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Depression, n (%) | 53 (29.1%) | 98 (28.2%) | 23 (20.5%) | 7 (10.8%)` | 0.01 |
| Comorbidity index | 0.95 ± 1.00 | 1.00 ± 1.00 | 1.01 ± 1.00 | 1.20 ± 1.10 | 0.13 |
Notes. SD, standard deviation; MSPSS, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; CAPS, Clinically-Administered PTSD Scale; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; WBC, white blood cell.
a
Socially isolated (SNI = 1), moderately isolated (SNI = 2), moderately integrated (SNI = 3), socially integrated (SNI = 4).
b
p-values are based on chi squared for ratios and ANOVA for continuous variables.
c
Range refers to the lowest-highest levels of inflammatory markers in each group