Table 8.
Summary of the by-product protein sources used in livestock to replace SBM and maximum inclusion levels without impaired animal performance. For details and references see the text below.
| Sources | Livestock Species | Maximum Dietary Level without Impaired Animal Performance and Productivity |
|---|---|---|
| Camelina sativa (CS) | Ruminants | |
| Dairy cattle | Up to 15%, 4% recommended as optimum | |
| Field peas | Dairy cattle | No recommendation |
| Lupine, pea seeds mixtures | Dairy cattle | 75% |
| Urea | Dairy cattle | 2.1% |
| Canola meal/RSM | Dairy cattle | 5–20%, depending on processing method |
| SFM | Dairy cattle | 10% |
| Rape seed expeller | Pigs | |
| Brassica juncea | Pigs | No recommendation |
| SFM, rapeseed cake, field peas mixtures | Pigs | |
| Rapeseed, cotton, sunflower products | Pigs | No recommendation |
| Rapeseed press cake, legume seeds mixtures | Pigs | |
| RSM | Pigs | Up to 21% |
| Guar | Poultry | |
| SFM | Layers | No recommendation |
| Lupinus angustifolius | Layers | Up to 20% |
| While flowered semi leafless green spring peas | Layers | 300 g/kg |
| Faba beans | Layers | 50 g/kg |
| Field peas | Broilers | No recommendation |
| Field peas, faba beans mixtures | Broilers | Potentially OK |
| Alfalfa peas/meal, faba beans, black soldier fly larva mixtures | Broilers | Potentially OK |