Table 1.
Analytical composition of feeds for broiler chickens (4 feeding phases) and characteristics of aluminosilicates.
| Constituent [%] | Starter (0–11 Days) | Grower 1 (11–18 Days) | Grower 2 (18–33 Days) | Finisher (34–42 Days) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C(1) 1 | E(2, 3) 2 | C(1) | E(2, 3) | C(1) | E(2, 3) | C(1) | E(2, 3) | |
| Dry matter | 88.33 | 87.58 | 88.44 | 86.65 | 86.77 | 87.02 | 87.95 | 87.79 |
| Crude ash | 4.81 | 4.81 | 4.26 | 4.94 | 4.81 | 4.93 | 4.87 | 5.14 |
| Crude protein | 20.69 | 20.95 | 20.80 | 19.21 | 18.79 | 18.51 | 18.59 | 18.03 |
| Crude fat | 5.45 | 5.44 | 5.46 | 6.22 | 7.40 | 8.49 | 7.29 | 7.46 |
| Crude fiber | 2.17 | 3.56 | 2.57 | 3.73 | 3.31 | 3.19 | 3.41 | 3.29 |
| Starch | 39.19 | 39.87 | 39.15 | 39.99 | 39.55 | 38.11 | 40.72 | 40.43 |
| Addition of zeolite and halloysite to feed [%] | ||||||||
| Zeolite and halloysite, 1:1 ratio | 0 | 0.5 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1.5 | 0 | 2 |
| Characteristics of aluminosilicates [%] | ||||||||
| Zeolite | Halloysite | |||||||
| Specific surface area | 30–60 m2/g | Specific surface area | 65–85 m2/g | |||||
| Bulk density | 1.60–1.80 kg/m3 | Bulk density | 0.70–0.85 g/cm3 | |||||
| Weight | 2.20–2.44 kg/m3 | |||||||
| SiO2 (silicon dioxide) | 71.30 | Al (aluminum) | 13.00 | |||||
| Al2O3 (aluminum oxide) | 13.10 | Si (silicon) | 12.00 | |||||
| CaO (calcium oxide) | 5.20 | Ca (calcium) | 0.40 | |||||
| K2O (potassium oxide) | 3.40 | Mg (magnesium) | 0.30 | |||||
| Fe2O3 (iron (III) oxide) | 1.90 | Na (sodium) | 0.10 | |||||
| MgO (magnesium oxide) | 1.20 | K (potassium) | 0.08 | |||||
| Na2O (sodium oxide) | 1.30 | P (phosphorus) | 0.30 | |||||
| TiO2 (titanium oxide) | 0.30 | Fe (iron) | 9.00 | |||||
| Si/Al (silicon/aluminum) | 5.40 | Ti (titanium) | 1.00 | |||||
| Clinoptilolite | 84.00 | Mn (manganese) | 0.20 | |||||
| Cristobalite | 8.00 | |||||||
| Mica clay | 4.00 | |||||||
| Plagioclases | 3.50 | |||||||
| Rutile | 0.20 | |||||||
Notes: 1, C(1), control group; 2, E(2, 3), experimental groups, the feed was in the form of a complete mixture (commercial), and its composition was in line with the recommendations for feeding broiler chickens. In the experimental feeds, aluminosilicates were added in the feed mill to form a homogeneous content. The results in the table are analytical. The characteristics of aluminosilicates are from the supplier. Analytical composition of feed was carried out by FoodScan apparatus.