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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Aug 26.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2021 Jan 7;66:63–69. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2020.12.004

Figure 2. Risk factors for progression of CHIP to malignancies.

Figure 2

CHIP is derived from clonal hematopoiesis (CH) once clonal mutated cells carry a VAF of at least 2% and harbor at least one mutation commonly found in hematological malignancies. CHIP may progress to clonal cytopenia, MDS, or AML in some people. Several features distinguish non-malignant carriers of CHIP from those at high-risk of transformation. Those who progress to MDS or AML are more likely to have larger VAFs in comparison to control groups. Patients who go on to develop malignancy also typically harbor a different mutational profile and carry multiple driver mutations in comparison to those who are non-malignant carriers.