Figure 1.

Enzymes activities of FSBM products. Each value represents the mean ± standard deviation (n = 3). ² One unit was defined as the hydrolysis of 1 mg mL⁻¹ azocasein to change the absorbance by 0.001. ³ One unit was defined as 2 mM p-Nitrophenol α-D-Galactopyranoside hydrolysis to release 1 μM p-nitrophenol. ⁴ One unit was defined as the consumption of 5 mg mL⁻¹ CMC to generate 1 μM of reducing sugar. ⁵ One unit was defined as the consumption of 3 mg mL⁻¹ locust bean gum to generate 1 μM of D-mannose. ⁶ One unit was defined as the consumption of 10 mg mL⁻¹ beechwood xylan to generate 1 μM of D-xylose. ⁷ One unit was defined as the consumption of 4 mg mL⁻¹ β-glucan to generate 1 μM of reducing sugar. SBM: Soybean meal; FSBM_L: commercial control; FSBM_B: SBM one-stage fermented by Bv; FSBM_B+L: SBM two-stage fermented by Bv and Lb.