. 2021 Aug 17;11(8):2421. doi: 10.3390/ani11082421

Table 3.

Effects of experimental diets ¹ and lactation phase on fatty acid (FA) composition of milk.

Item ³ (g/100 g FA)	Diet (D) ¹			Lactation Phase (LP))			SEM	p ²
Item ³ (g/100 g FA)	Control	DOP40	DOP80	Early	Mid	Late	SEM	D	LP	D × LP
C4:0	3.65	3.48	3.57	3.60a	3.74a	3.34b	0.03	ns	***	ns
C6:0	4.85a	4.52b	4.67ab	4.78a	4.84a	4.39b	0.04	**	***	**
C8:0	4.17a	3.87b	4.00b	4.10a	4.15a	3.76b	0.03	***	***	*
C10:0	9.86a,b	9.53b	10.13a	9.69b	10.62a	9.14c	0.08	**	***	ns
C11:0	0.07a	0.06b	0.06b	0.07a	0.07a	0.06b	0.00	***	***	ns
C12:0	5.58a	5.40b	5.39b	5.46a	5.59a	5.29b	0.04	*	**	ns
C13:0	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06a	0.06a	0.05b	0.00	ns	***	ns
C14:0	7.30b	7.46a,b	7.54a	7.09b	6.99b	8.22a	0.06	*	***	***
C14:1	0.19	0.19	0.19	0.19	0.19	0.19	0.00	ns	ns	ns
C15:0	0.52	0.51	0.51	0.52	0.52	0.49	0.01	ns	ns	***
C15:1	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.00	ns	ns	ns
C16:0	24.4b	25.1a	24.4b	24.6b	24.2c	25.3a	0.10	**	***	*
C16:1	1.01	1.01	1.00	1.01	1.01	1.00	0.01	ns	ns	**
C17:0	0.33	0.35	0.32	0.32	0.32	0.35	0.00	ns	ns	ns
C17:1	0.09b	0.11a	0.10a,b	0.09b	0.09b	0.12a	0.00	**	***	***
C18:0	11.4	11.3	10.9	11.5a	10.8b	11.2a,b	0.10	ns	**	***
C18:1 n-9 trans	0.97a	0.91b	0.89b	0.94a	0.96a	0.85b	0.01	***	***	**
C18:1 n-11 trans (VA)	0.68	0.70	0.67	0.67	0.68	0.71	0.01	ns	ns	**
C18:1 n-9 cis	19.6b	20.0a,b	20.3a	19.9a,b	19.7b	20.3a	0.09	*	*	*
C18:2 n-6 trans	0.15b	0.19a	0.17a	0.14b	0.15b	0.23a	0.01	**	***	***
C18:2 n-6 cis	3.20	3.30	3.23	3.31a	3.35a	3.08b	0.03	ns	***	***
γ -C18:3 n-6	0.11a	0.10b	0.09b	0.09b	0.09b	0.12a	0.00	***	***	***
α -C18:3 n-3	0.21	0.22	0.22	0.21b	0.21b	0.23a	0.00	ns	*	**
CLA cis-9, trans-11 (RA)	0.69a	0.67a,b	0.65b	0.68a,b	0.69a	0.64b	0.01	*	*	**
CLA trans-10, cis-12	0.01	0.02	0.02	0.01b	0.01b	0.02a	0.00	ns	***	***
C20:0	0.22a	0.20b	0.20b	0.21a	0.21a	0.19b	0.00	*	*	ns
C20:1 n-9	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.00	ns	ns	ns
C20:2	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.00	ns	ns	ns
C20:3 n-3	0.02	0.03	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.00	ns	ns	ns
C20:3 n-6	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.00	ns	ns	***
C20:4 n-6	0.20	0.20	0.20	0.19b	0.20b	0.21a	0.00	ns	**	***
C20:5 n-3	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.03	0.00	ns	ns	ns
C21:0	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.00	ns	ns	ns
C22:0	0.11	0.11	0.10	0.12a	0.12a	0.09b	0.00	ns	***	ns
C22:1 n-9	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.00	ns	ns	ns
C22:2	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01b	0.01b	0.02a	0.00	ns	***	ns
C22:5 n-3	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.05	0.06	0.05	0.00	ns	ns	***
C22:6 n-3	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.00	ns	ns	ns
C23:0	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.00	ns	ns	ns
C24:0	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.02a	0.02a	0.01b	0.00	ns	*	ns
C24:1	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.01	0.00	ns	ns	ns
SFA	72.5a	72.0a,b	72.0b	72.2	72.3	72.0	0.09	*	ns	***
MUFA	22.6b	23.0a,b	23.2a	23.0a,b	22.7b	23.3a	0.08	*	*	*
PUFA	4.82	4.94	4.81	4.87a,b	4.94a	4.77b	0.03	ns	*	***
SCFA	22.5a	21.4b	22.4a	22.2b	23.3a	20.6c	0.14	***	***	**
MCFA	39.6b	40.3a	39.6b	39.4b	39.1c	41.1a	0.13	**	***	**
LCFA	37.9	38.3	38.0	38.4a	37.6b	38.3a	0.11	ns	**	***
n-3	0.34	0.34	0.34	0.33b	0.35a,b	0.36a	0.00	ns	***	ns
n-6	3.69	3.83	3.72	3.77a,b	3.82a	3.67b	0.03	ns	*	***
CLA total	0.71a	0.69a,b	0.67b	0.69a,b	0.70a	0.66b	0.01	*	*	***
n-6:n-3	10.8	11.2	10.9	11.5a	11.0b	10.4c	0.11	ns	***	**
MUFA/SFA	0.31b	0.32a,b	0.33a	0.32	0.31	0.32	0.00	*	ns	**
PUFA/SFA	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.07	0.00	ns	ns	***
DI C16:0	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.00	ns	ns	**
DI C18:0	0.65b	0.66a,b	0.67a	0.65	0.66	0.66	0.00	**	ns	***
CLA index	0.50	0.49	0.49	0.50a	0.50a	0.48b	0.00	ns	*	***
AI	2.16	2.16	2.14	2.10b	2.10b	2.27a	0.01	ns	***	ns
TI	3.02a	3.02a	2.94b	3.00b	2.92c	3.06a	0.02	*	***	ns

For each main effect type, means with different letters (a, b, c) within each row differ significantly (p ≤ 0.05); ¹ See Table 1; ² ns, not significant (p > 0.05); *, p ≤ 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; ³ SCFA, short-chain FAs (C4:0-C10:0); MCFA, medium-chain FAs (C11:0-C17:1); LCFA, long-chain FAs (C18:0-C24:1); DI C16:0, desaturation index of C16:0 [C16:1 FAs/(C16:0 + C16:1 FAs)]; DI C18:0, desaturation index of C18:0 [C18:1 FAs/(C18:0 + C18:1 FAs)]; CLA desaturase index [rumenic acid, RA/(vaccenic acid, VA + RA)]; AI, atherogenic index [(C12:0 + 4 x C14:0 + C16:0)/(MUFA + PUFA)]; TI, thrombogenic index [(C14:0 + C16:0 + C18:0)/(0.5 x MUFA + 0.5 x n-6 PUFA + 3 x n-3 PUFA) + (n-3 PUFA/n-6 PUFA)].