Table 2.

Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) survey results from Pacific herring C. pallasii during epizootic periods.

Region	Year	Stock	Collection Site	Collection Date	Gear Type	Adult/Juvenile (A/J)	Mean Fork Length mm (SD)	VHSV Detection by Cell Culture (No. Positive/n)
AK, USA	2011	Sitka Sound	Bear Cove Bay	24 March	Cast Net	J	108 (11)	63% (38/60)
BC, Canada	2018	W. Vancouver Isl.	Hot Springs Cv.	24 June	Dip Net	J	NA B	85% (22/26)
	2019	W. Vancouver Isl.	Hot Springs Cv.	27 June	Beach Seine	J	NA	96% (29/30)
WA, USA	2014	Puget Sound	Lopez Isl. A	11 September	Beach Seine	J	NA C	27% (6/22)
		Puget Sound	Waldron Isl. A	12 September	Beach Seine	J	NA C	13% (3/24)
	2018	Puget Sound	Pt. Angeles Hbr.	18 September–5 November	Cast Net	J	67 (8.0)–78 (7.4)	6.7% (2/30) D
	2019	Puget Sound	Pt. Ludlow Hbr.	25 July–25 September	Cast Net	J	52 (2.4)–78 (6.8)	33% (20/60) D
		Puget Sound	Pt. Angeles Hbr.	23 July–24 September	Cast Net	J	64 (6.7)–76 (7.0)	30% (18/60) D
	2020	Puget Sound	Pt. Angeles Hbr.	23 June–20 October	Cast Net	J	37 (2.0)–63 (8.3)	63% (38/60) D

“NA” indicates data “Not Available.” ^A Mass ranged between 2.2 and 3.6 g. ^B Photographs suggest 50–60 mm length. ^C Pacific herring C. pallasii were sampled from two locations in the north Puget Sound, WA region (San Juan Islands). External signs of VHS included hemorrhaging along the flank in a small proportion of individuals, increasing to approximately 10% throughout the summer. Samples from 2014 were not randomly collected; rather, individuals demonstrating external signs were selected, frozen at −20 °C, and submitted for laboratory diagnostics. ^D Results from Puget Sound locations in the period 2018–2020 reflect the peak infection prevalence from annual longitudinal sampling at each site. Results from all sampling dates are depicted in Figure 1A,B.