Table 3.

Adjusted^a 400-m walking speed and SPPB score at each follow-up time, by metabolic syndrome (MetS) status and intervention group.

	Non-MetS			MetS
	PA	HE		PA	HE
	Mean (SE)	Mean (SE)	P-value (for difference PA-HE)	Mean (SE)	Mean (SE)	P-value (for difference PA-HE)
400-m walking speed (m/s)baseline	0.84 (0.01)	0.84 (0.01)	0.96	0.81 (0.01)	0.80 (0.01)	0.15
6 months	0.85 (0.01)	0.83 (0.01)	0.03	0.85 (0.01)	0.81 (0.01)	<0.001
12 months	0.82 (0.01)	0.81 (0.01)	0.53	0.82 (0.01)	0.79 (0.01)	<0.001
18 months	0.81 (0.01)	0.80 (0.01)	0.42	0.81 (0.01)	0.77 (0.01)	<0.001
24 months	0.79 (0.01)	0.78 (0.01)	0.64	0.79 (0.01)	0.75 (0.01)	<0.001
30 months	0.75 (0.01)	0.76 (0.01)	0.50	0.77 (0.01)	0.74 (0.01)	0.03
36 months	0.74 (0.01)	0.75 (0.01)	0.41	0.75 (0.01)	0.73 (0.01)	0.24
42 months	0.73 (0.02)	0.76 (0.02)	0.30	0.74 (0.02)	0.68 (0.01)	0.01
Overall effectb			0.91			<0.001
					P-value for interactionc = 0.07
SPPB scored baseline	7.37 (0.08)	7.44 (0.08)	0.55	7.45 (0.08)	7.23 (0.08)	0.06
6 months	8.50 (0.11)	8.21 (0.11)	0.06	8.46 (0.11)	8.10 (0.11)	0.02
12 months	8.20 (0.11)	8.06 (0.11)	0.33	8.46 (0.11)	8.05 (0.11)	0.01
24 months	7.92 (0.11)	7.78 (0.11)	0.34	7.96 (0.11)	7.75 (0.11)	0.18
36 months	7.75 (0.15)	7.48 (0.15)	0.21	7.68 (0.15)	7.70 (0.15)	0.92
Overall effectb			0.11			0.07
					P-value for interactionc = 0.22

Abbreviations: MetS – metabolic syndrome; PA – physical activity; HE – health education; SPPB – Short Physical Performance Battery.

^aAdjusted for clinical site and gender.

^bOverall difference in 400-m walk speed and SPPB across follow-up time points, adjusted for baseline value.

^cInteraction terms included MetS * intervention group, MetS * time, intervention group * time, and MetS * group * time terms.

^dPer inclusion criteria, participants were eligible if they had a baseline SPPB score of 9 or less; SPPB scores could potentially be >9 at follow-up visits.