Effect of Garcinia cambogia on HFD- and FFA-induced ROS production, and NRF2 and downstream gene activation. (A) Effect of G. cambogia on ROS level in FFA-treated HepG2 cells. Cells were treated with G. cambogia (20–80 μg/mL) or NAC (5 mM, positive control of antioxidant) for 24 h. ROS production was measured using H2DCFDA (n = 5 per group). ** p < 0.01 vs. Con, #
p < 0.05 and ##
p < 0.01 vs. FFA. (B) Effect of G. cambogia on malondialdehyde (MDA, indicating the intensity of lipid peroxidation) level of serum in HFD-fed mice (n = 7 per group). Effect of G. cambogia on (C) NRF2 expression and (D) Hmox1 and Sod1 transcript levels of liver tissues from ND-fed, HFD-fed, and HFD-fed mice administered a high dose of G. cambogia (400 mg/kg) (n = 6 per group). (E) Correlations between MDA level and Hmox1 and Sod1 transcript levels in liver tissues (n = 6 per group). Each point represents one sample. ** p < 0.01 vs. ND-fed mice, #
p < 0.05 and ##
p < 0.01 vs. HFD-fed mice. Data are mean ± S.D.