| DCT | dopachrome tautomerase |
| DMSO | dimethyl sulfoxide |
| DOPA | dihydroxyphenylalanin |
| GAPDH | glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| HEM | human epidermal melanocyte |
| PCV | pyrocatechol violet |
| qRT-PCR | quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction |
| TYR | tyrosinase |
| TYRP1 | tyrosinase-related protein 1 |