Table 1.
Clinical and laboratory characteristics of the study population and comparison between survivors and non-survivors.
| Variable | All Patients (n = 124) | Survivors (n = 83) | Non-Survivors (n = 41) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic Characteristics | ||||
| Age, years * | 54.47 (±12.03) | 54.16 (±11.93) | 61 (±10.92) | 0.002 a |
| Age range, years | ||||
| <50 (%) | 39 (31.45) | 31 (79.49) | 8 (20.51) | 0.058 b |
| 50–59 (%) | 38 (30.65) | 26 (68.42) | 12 (31.58) | |
| ≥60 (%) | 47 (37.90) | 26 (55.32) | 21 (44.68) | |
| Sex | 0.388 b | |||
| Female (%) | 22 (17.74) | 13 (59.09) | 9 (40.91) | |
| Male (%) | 102 (82.26) | 70 (68.63) | 32 (31.37) | |
| Number of comorbidities ** | 1 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 2 (1–3) | <0.001 c |
| Comorbidities (%) | ||||
| None | 18 (14.52) | 18 (100) | 0 (0) | 0.001 b |
| 1 | 49 (39.52) | 35 (71.43) | 14 (28.57) | |
| 2 or more | 57 (45.97) | 30 (52.63) | 27 (47.37) | |
| Obesity | 76 (61.29) | 50 (65.79) | 26 (34.21) | 0.733 b |
| Diabetes | 35 (28.23) | 19 (54.29) | 16 (45.71) | 0.060 b |
| Hypertension | 35 (28.23) | 18 (51.43) | 17 (48.57) | 0.021 b |
| Heart failure | 8 (6.45) | 0 (0) | 8 (100) | <0.001 d |
| Asthma | 24 (19.35) | 12 (50) | 12 (50) | 0.050 b |
| Chronic kidney disease | 7 (5.65) | 0 (0) | 7 (100) | <0.001 d |
| Cancer | 1 (0.81) | 1 (100) | 0 (0) | 0.990 d |
| Immunosuppression | 17 (13.82) | 6 (35.29) | 11 (64.71) | 0.003 b |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | 19 (14–27.5) | 20 (14–26) | 18 (14–28) | 0.638 c |
| Time in ICU (days) ** | 10 (6–16.5) | 9 (5–13) | 12 (10–24) | 0.001 c |
| Time in MV (days) ** | 10 (5–16.5) | 7 (4–12) | 14 (11–25) | <0.001 c |
| Time from ICU admission to superinfection (days) ** | 8 (6–17) | 9 (6–17) | 8 (5–15) | 0.680 c |
| Laboratory Characteristics | ||||
| SatO2 (%) ** | 87 (80–89) | 88 (85–90) | 85 (77–89) | 0.008 c |
| Ratio PaO2/FiO2 ** | 249.5 (175–294) | 264 (215–306) | 218 (132–260) | 0.002 c |
| Leukocytes (cells/mm3) ** | 10,100 (7000–13,000) | 10,000 (7000–12,135) | 10,700 (7410–16,580) | 0.232 c |
| Percentages of lymphocytes (%) ** | 7 (5–10) | 7 (6–11) | 7 (4–9) | 0.076 c |
| Platelets (cells/mm3) ** | 296,000 (234,500–360,000) | 318,000 (254,000–369,000) | 243,000 (204,000–325,000) | 0.002 c |
| PCR (mg/dL) ** | 12.52 (6.62–17.43) | 10.56 (4.72–18) | 14.23 (10.78–17.25) | 0.032 c |
| Procalcitonin (ng/mL) ** | 0.12 (0.03–0.385) | 0.07 (0.03–0.24) | 0.22 (0.126–0.7) | <0.001 c |
| LDH (U/L) ** | 742.5 (578–984) | 700 (565–861) | 970 (642–1286) | 0.001 c |
| CPK-Total (U/L) ** | 100 (52.5–190.5) | 87 (45–161) | 161 (79–233) | 0.004 c |
| CPK-MB (U/L) ** | 25.25 (20–35) | 24.6 (19.6–32) | 30 (22–52) | 0.025 c |
| GOT (U/L) ** | 50.5 (28–75.5) | 50 (28–75) | 54 (28–84) | 0.614 c |
| GPT (U/L) ** | 62.5 (37–116) | 66 (44–133) | 57 (34–82) | 0.021 c |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) ** | 0.63 (0.39–0.895) | 0.6 (0.37–0.89) | 0.63 (0.47–0.96) | 0.353 c |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) ** | 0.875 (0.73–1.1) | 0.84 (0.7–1.05) | 0.97 (0.84–1.29) | 0.003 c |
* Mean and standard deviation ** Median and interquartile range, a Student’s t-test for equal variances; b χ2; c U-Mann–Whitney; d Fisher’s exact. ICU: intensive care unit, MV: mechanical ventilation, SatO2: oxygen saturation, PaO2/FiO2: ratio of oxygen pressure to inspired oxygen fraction, CRP: C-reactive protein, LDH: lactate dehydrogenase, CPK: creatinine phosphokinase, OGT: aspartate aminotransferase, GPT: alanine aminotransferase. Bold, statistically significant values.