Table 1.

Documented plant physiological processes and plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses that involve proanthocyanidins.

Condition		Effect on PAC Content	Plant Species	Ref.
No Stress	Germination	▲	Phaseolus vulgaris	[35]
			Cucumis sativus	[46,47]
		▽	Sapium sebiferum	[48]
			Arabidopsis thaliana	[49,50]
	Aging	▲	Cistus clusii	[51]
	Maturation	▽	Fragaria ananassa	[52,53]
Abiotic Stress	Excess Light	▲	Malus domestica	[54]
			Larix gmelinii	[55]
			Cistus clusii	[51]
			Populus tremula	[56,57]
	Heat Stress	▽	Vitis vinifera	[58,59]
		▲	Cucumis sativus	[47]
	Cold Stress	▲	Fagopyrum tataricum	[60]
			Malus domestica	[54,61,62]
			Cucumis sativus	[63,64]
	Water Deficit	▲	Vitis vinifera	[65,66,67]
	High Salinity	▲	Arabidopsis thaliana	[68]
			Calliergon giganteum	[69]
		▽	Fagopyrum tataricum	[70]
Biotic Stress	Melampsora larici-populina	▲	Populus tremula	[71,72]
	Botrytis cinerea		Vitis vinifera	[73,74]
	Botrytis cinerea		Vaccinium myrtillus	[75]
	Botrytis cinerea		Fragaria ananassa	[76]
	Paraphaeosphaeria michotii		Vaccinium myrtillus	[75]
	Marssonina brunnea		Populus tremula	[77]
	Colletotrichum acutatum		Vitis vinifera	[78]
	Lymantria dispar	▲	Populus tremula	[79]
	Malacosoma disstria		Populus tremula	[80]
	Leucoma salicis		Populus tremula	[80]

PACs: proanthocyanidins; ▲: increase of PAC content; ▽: decrease of PAC content.