Table 2.
“Nonantibiotic” approved drugs that synergize with antibiotics towards MDR bacteria.
| Drug | Primary Medical Indication | Synergy with | Antimicrobial Activity | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gallium | Anticancer | Colistin | A. baumannii | [30] |
| Curcumin | Anticancer | Ciprofloxacin | P. aeruginosa; S. aureus | [48] |
| Penfluridol | Antipsychotic | Amikacin, GentamycinAdditive effect: Vancomycin, Teicoplanin | E. faecalis | [49] |
| Thioridazine | Antipsychotic | Vancomycin, Ampicillin | Enterococcus species | [50] |
| Sertraline | Antidepressant | Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Gentamicin, Levofloxacin. Resistance of E. coli to cefexime was reversed. |
S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa | [51] |
| Salicylanilides (Oxyclozanide, Rafoxanide, Closantel) | Internal antiparasitic for veterinary use | Colistin | E. cloacae, A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, | [61] |
| Disulfiram | Alcoholism treatment | Minocycline | S. aureus | [62] |
| Loperamide | Diarrhea treatment | Minocycline | P. aeruginosa; E. coli | [62] |
| Ticagrelor | Antiplatelet | Rifampicin, Ciprofloxacin and Vancomycin | MRSA | [55] |