Table 1.
Composition (%) of the starting (0–10 day), growing (11–24 day), and finishing (25–42 day) phase of the control (CON), ground grape pomace (GGP), wine lees (rich in yeast cell walls) extract (WYC), and grape stem extract (PE) diets.
| Ingredients | Dietary Treatment | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CON | GGP | WYC | PE | |
| Starter period (Day 1–10) | ||||
| Maize | 50.52 | 46.27 | 50.32 | 50.42 |
| Soyabean meal | 40.89 | 41.25 | 40.89 | 40.89 |
| Soybean oil | 4.03 | 5.39 | 4.03 | 4.03 |
| Vitamin and mineral premix 1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Limestone | 1.61 | 1.60 | 1.61 | 1.61 |
| NaCl | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 |
| Monocalcium phosphate | 1.43 | 1.46 | 1.43 | 1.43 |
| Methionine | 0.41 | 0.42 | 0.41 | 0.41 |
| Lysine | 0.27 | 0.26 | 0.27 | 0.27 |
| Threonine | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.15 | 0.15 |
| Choline | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 |
| Ground grape pomace | - | 2.5 | - | - |
| Dried wine-making yeast cell walls | - | - | 0.2 | - |
| Grape stem phenolic extract included in starch | - | - | - | 0.1 |
| Grower period (Day 11–24) | ||||
| Maize | 53.90 | 49.92 | 53.70 | 53.80 |
| Soyabean meal | 37.09 | 37.40 | 37.09 | 37.09 |
| Soybean oil | 4.97 | 6.09 | 4.97 | 4.97 |
| Vitamin and mineral premix 1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Limestone | 1.47 | 1.46 | 1.47 | 1.47 |
| NaCl | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
| Monocalcium phosphate | 1.22 | 1.25 | 1.22 | 1.22 |
| Methionine | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0.36 | 0.36 |
| Lysine | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
| Threonine | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.11 | 0.11 |
| Choline | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.08 |
| Ground grape pomace | - | 2.5 | - | - |
| Dried wine-making yeast cell walls | - | - | 0.2 | - |
| Grape stem phenolic extract included in starch | - | - | - | 0.1 |
| Finisher period (Day 25–42) | ||||
| Maize | 59.35 | 55.40 | 59.15 | 59.25 |
| Soyabean meal | 31.49 | 31.79 | 31.49 | 31.49 |
| Soybean oil | 5.41 | 6.53 | 5.41 | 5.41 |
| Vitamin and mineral premix 1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
| Limestone | 1.34 | 1.33 | 1.34 | 1.34 |
| NaCl | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 |
| Monocalcium phosphate | 1.09 | 1.11 | 1.09 | 1.09 |
| Methionine | 0.34 | 0.35 | 0.34 | 0.34 |
| Lysine | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 |
| Threonine | 0.08 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.08 |
| Choline | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.09 |
| Ground grape pomace | - | 2.5 | - | - |
| Dried wine-making yeast cell walls | - | - | 0.2 | - |
| Grape stem phenolic extract included in starch | - | - | - | 0.1 |
1 Premix supplied per kg of diet: 13,000 IU vitamin A (retinyl acetate), 3500 IU vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol), 70 mg vitamin E (DL-α-tocopheryl acetate), 7 mg vitamin K3, 8.5 mg thiamin, 8 mg riboflavin, 5 mg pyridoxine, 0.020 mg vitamin B12, 50 mg nicotinic acid, 15 mg pantothenic acid, 1.5 mg folic acid, 0.15 mg biotin, 1 mg iodine, 50 mg iron, 75 mg manganese, 15 mg copper, 0.3 mg selenium, 75 mg zinc.