Table 2.
Flavonol content (mg/kg) in Monastrell grapes from grapevines under non-irrigated (rainfed) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) conditions.
| Treatments (T) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Flavonols | Rainfed | RDI | p-Value 1 |
| Myricetin-3-glcU | 12.0 ± 1.8 b | 6.5 ± 0.5 a | ** |
| Myricetin-3-gal | 8.8 ± 1.6 | 6.7 ± 1.0 | 0.066 |
| Myricetin-3-glc | 77.3 ± 8.2 | 68.4 ± 2.4 | 0.139 |
| Total myricetins | 98.1 ± 7.9 b | 81.5 ± 2.6 a | ** |
| Quercetin-3-glcU | 101.9 ± 17.7 | 77.5 ± 4.5 | 0.080 |
| Quercetin-3-glc | 129.4 ± 14.4 | 140.4 ± 15.3 | 0.425 |
| Total quercetins | 231.4 ± 16.7 | 218.0 ± 14.6 | 0.279 |
| Laricitrin-3-glc | 13.8 ± 0.8 b | 9.0 ± 0.5 a | *** |
| Kaempferol-3-gal | 3.1 ± 0.6 | 1.5 ± 0.3 | 0.067 |
| Kaempferol-3-glc | 25.0 ± 0.9 | 21.8 ± 4.8 | 0.297 |
| Total kaempferols | 28.1 ± 0.6 | 23.3 ± 4.9 | 0.120 |
| Isorhamnetin-3-gal | 2.2 ± 0.2 b | 1.7 ± 0.1 a | * |
| Isorhamnetin-3-glc | 4.2 ± 0.4 | 4.8 ± 0.6 | 0.519 |
| Total isorhamnetins | 6.5 ± 0.4 | 6.2 ± 0.4 | 0.537 |
| Syringetin-3-glc | 6.0 ± 0.1 b | 4.3 ± 0.2 a | ** |
Abbreviations: glcU: glucuronide, gal: galactoside, glc: glucoside. For each flavonol, different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments (p ≤ 0.05). 1 Statistical significance: * p ≤ 0.05, ** p ≤ 0.01, and *** p ≤ 0.001. When there is no difference between treatments (p > 0.05), no significance letters are shown. Experiments were performed in quadruplicate, and results for each parameter are presented as means ± standard deviation (n = 4).