Table A1.
Characterization parameters (retention time (tr), % of total peak area, identification, chemical classes, odor, calculated retention index) of volatile compounds identified in fresh, oven dried and freeze dried S. ramosissima using SPME-GC–MS and the bibliographic references to support the identification.
| Peak | tr (min.) a | Area% Fresh | Area % oven Dried | Area % Freeze Dried | Compounds | Chemical Classes | Odor Description b | Calc. LRI c | Lit. LRI | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.012 | 0.26 | 34.16 | 1.30 | hexanal | Aldehyde | herbal, grassy, green | 800 | 801 | [35,50,140,141] |
| 2 | 6.700 | 0.46 | - | - | 1-methoxy-3-hexene | Hydrocarbon | not found | 847 | 826 | [142] |
| 3 | 6.962 | - | - | 0.68 | 2-hexenal | Aldehyde | floral, herbal | 853 | 850 | [140,141] |
| 4 | 7.103 | 47.95 | 1.80 | - | 3-hexen-1-ol | Alcohol | green, marine, seaweed | 857 | 852 | [50,52,143] |
| 5 | 7.635 | - | - | 0.04 | 3-methyl-1-pentanol | Alcohol | fruity, floral | 871 | 852 | [144,145] |
| 6 | 7.653 | 47.82 | - | - | 1-hexanol | Alcohol | woody, sweet, green, fruity | 867 | 872 | [53,141,146] |
| 7 | 7.684 | - | 7.84 | - | 2-methylbutanoic acid ethyl ester | Ester | cheesy, sour | 872 | 876 | [55] |
| 8 | 8.722 | - | 5.14 | 0.10 | heptanal | Aldehyde | penetrating oily, harsh | 901 | 902 | [35,53,147] |
| 9 | 9.079 | - | 1.29 | - | butyrolactone | Lactone | cheesy, burnt sugar; buttery | 911 | 915 | [53,146,147,148] |
| 10 | 9.278 | - | 0.17 | - | 2-3-dimethylpyrazine | Pyrazine | nutty, cocoa-like | 916 | 918 | [53,149] |
| 11 | 9.569 | - | - | 0.05 | alpha-thujene | Terpene | herbal, green, weak earthy | 924 | 924 | [60,150,151] |
| 12 | 9.786 | - | - | 0.88 | alpha-pinene | Terpene | oily, green | 930 | 933 | [58,151] |
| 13 | 10.260 | 1.51 | - | - | ethyl tiglate | Ester | fruity | 943 | 939 | [152] |
| 14 | 10.274 | - | - | 1.09 | camphene | Terpene | sweet | 943 | 947 | [58,151,153] |
| 15 | 10.616 | - | 0.25 | - | γ-valerolactone | Lactone | sweet, herbaceous | 953 | 950 | [154,155] |
| 16 | 10.792 | - | 1.39 | - | benzaldehyde | Aldehyde | hazelnut, roasty | 958 | 962 | [156,157] |
| 17 | 11.288 | - | - | 1.37 | beta-pinene | Terpene | Woody, green, pine-like | 971 | 979 | [150,153,158] |
| 18 | 11.416 | - | 0.31 | - | 3,5,5-trimethyl-2-hexene | Hydrocarbon | not found | 975 | 977 | [159] |
| 19 | 11.637 | - | 3.00 | 0.01 | 1-octen-3-ol | Alcohol | mushroom | 981 | 980 | [50,56,150] |
| 20 | 11.848 | - | 3.92 | 0.05 | 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one | Ketone | banana-like | 987 | 988 | [143,160] |
| 21 | 11.973 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.26 | beta-myrcene | Terpene | herbaceous, sweet | 990 | 991 | [58,150,151] |
| 22 | 12.004 | 0.07 | 1.14 | - | 2-pentylfuran | Furan | floral, fruit | 991 | 990 | [154,161] |
| 23 | 12.164 | 0.07 | 0.60 | - | hexanoic acid | Carboxylic acid | unpleasant, rancing, metallic | 995 | 993 | [162,163] |
| 24 | 12.321 | - | 0.99 | - | decane | Hydrocarbon | gasoline-like, fishy | 1000 | 1000 | [164,165] |
| 25 | 12.329 | - | - | 8.45 | alpha-phellandrene | Terpene | fresh, green | 1000 | 1005 | [59,146,153] |
| 26 | 12.372 | - | 0.16 | - | octanal | Aldehyde | fruity, green, citrus | 1001 | 1005 | [146,159,166] |
| 27 | 12.663 | 0.33 | - | - | 3-hexen-1-ol acetate | Ester | fruity, floral | 1010 | 1007 | [140,141] |
| 28 | 12.793 | - | - | 0.24 | alpha-terpinene | Terpene | resinous | 1014 | 1017 | [59,150] |
| 29 | 12.834 | - | 0.39 | - | 2-methylpentyl formate | Ester | not found | 1015 | - | |
| 30 | 12.917 | 0.11 | - | - | hexyl acetate | Ester | fruit, herb | 1017 | 1019 | [145,167] |
| 31 | 13.083 | 0.02 | 3.08 | 8.80 | p-cymene | Terpene | green, fruity, aromatic | 1022 | 1027 | [58,158,168] |
| 32 | 13.225 | 0.16 | 10.18 | - | limonene | Terpene | pine/chemical, floral/fresh | 1027 | 1029 | [56,156] |
| 33 | 13.306 | - | - | 38.73 | 1,8-cineole | Terpene | eucalyptus, spicy, pepper | 1029 | 1032 | [57,156,169] |
| 34 | 13.353 | 1.14 | - | 2-ethyl-1-hexanol | Alcohol | green, flowery, green cucumber | 1031 | 1029 | [141,163,170] | |
| 35 | 13.517 | 0.08 | - | - | 2-hexenoic acid | Carboxylic acid | not found | 1035 | - | |
| 36 | 13.643 | - | 0.29 | - | 3-octen-2-one | Ketone | rose | 1039 | 1040 | [161,171,172] |
| 37 | 13.719 | - | 0.16 | - | phenylacetaldehyde | Aldehyde | lilac, flora | 1041 | 1043 | [55,156] |
| 38 | 13.808 | 0.06 | - | - | benzyl alcohol | Alcohol | floral, fruity, rose | 1044 | 1045 | [173] |
| 39 | 14.225 | - | - | 0.29 | gamma-terpinene | Terpene | green, woody | 1057 | 1059 | [55,58,172] |
| 40 | 14.502 | - | - | 0.13 | trans-sabinene hydrate | Terpene | spicy, weak fruity | 1065 | 1060 | [60,150] |
| 41 | 14.731 | - | 1.19 | 0.04 | 3,5-octadien-2-one | Ketone | green, marine, grass, fatty | 1072 | 1098 | [50,56] |
| 42 | 15.194 | - | - | 0.37 | alpha-terpinolene | Terpene | woody, herbaceous | 1086 | 1086 | [55,59,107] |
| 43 | 15.503 | - | 0.30 | - | linalool oxide | Terpene | woody | 1095 | 1092 | [168,174] |
| 44 | 15.508 | 0.54 | - | - | methyl benzoate | Ester | eucalyptus, phenolic, wood | 1095 | 1094 | [175,176] |
| 45 | 15.633 | - | - | 0.48 | linalool | Terpene | pleasant scent, floral | 1099 | 1097 | [141,158] |
| 46 | 15.640 | - | 0.14 | - | 2,6,11-trimethyldodecane | Hydrocarbon | not found | 1099 | 1102 | [177] |
| 47 | 15.724 | - | - | 7.21 | beta-thujone | Terpene | camphoraceous-herbal | 1102 | 1119 | [60] |
| 48 | 15.789 | - | 7.31 | - | 3,4-dimethylcyclohexanol | Alcohol | not found | 1104 | 1103 | [178] |
| 49 | 16.069 | - | - | 2.31 | alpha-thujone | Terpene | warm-herbal, minty | 1113 | 1114 | [60,179] |
| 50 | 16.165 | - | 0.09 | - | 4-hexen-1-ol, 2-ethenyl-2,5-dimethyl- | Alcohol | not found | 1116 | - | |
| 51 | 16.233 | 0.11 | - | - | phenylethyl alcohol | Alcohol | sweet, perfume, floral, bee wax | 1118 | 1117 | [50,143] |
| 52 | 16.566 | - | - | 0.14 | 1,3,8-p-menthatriene | Terpene | green, cucumber, floral | 1129 | 1130 | [56,144] |
| 53 | 16.903 | - | - | 4.80 | camphor | Terpene | camphoraceous, fresh | 1140 | 1141 | [55,60] |
| 54 | 17.429 | - | - | 0.08 | trans-pinocamphone | Terpene | cedar, camphoreous, woody | 1157 | 1157 | [180,181] |
| 55 | 17.627 | - | - | 0.18 | borneol | Terpene | camphoraceous, earthy | 1163 | 1165 | [60,169] |
| 56 | 17.674 | - | - | 0.27 | (Z,Z)-3,6-nonadien-1-ol | Alcohol | green, marine, seaweed | 1165 | 1165 | [50,182] |
| 57 | 17.847 | - | - | 0.04 | cis-pinocamphone | Terpene | cedar, camphoreous, woody | 1171 | 1172 | [181] |
| 58 | 17.925 | 0.21 | - | - | ethyl benzoate | Ester | flowery | 1173 | 1172 | [156,183] |
| 59 | 17.983 | - | - | 0.21 | terpinen-4-ol | Terpene | green, fruity, citrus-like | 1175 | 1178 | [58] |
| 60 | 18.436 | - | 0.32 | 0.43 | alpha-terpineol | Terpene | minty, fresh vegetable, green | 1190 | 1189 | [163,184] |
| 61 | 18.566 | - | - | 0.11 | cis-dihydrocarvone | Terpene | cooling, fresh, minty | 1194 | 1193 | [185,186] |
| 62 | 18.659 | - | 1.16 | - | safranal | Terpene | saffron-like | 1197 | 1197 | [187,188] |
| 63 | 18.749 | 0.02 | 1.02 | - | dodecane | Hydrocarbon | alkane-like, chemical | 1201 | 1200 | [159,189] |
| 64 | 18.892 | - | 0.42 | - | decanal | Aldehyde | soapy, chemical | 1205 | 1205 | [156,190] |
| 65 | 18.910 | - | - | 0.25 | verbenone | Ketone | sweet, floral, camphor-like | 1206 | 1204 | [146,191] |
| 66 | 19.056 | - | - | 0.34 | 4,7-dimethyl-benzofuran | Furan | smoke, moss, spicy | 1211 | 1220 | [56,164] |
| 67 | 19.223 | - | - | 0.07 | cuminaldehyde | Aldehyde | sweet, fresh | 1217 | 1207 | [58,192] |
| 68 | 19.314 | 0.08 | 1.97 | - | beta-cyclocitral | Terpene | sweet-tobacco, grape | 1220 | 1220 | [156,193] |
| 69 | 19.697 | - | - | 0.93 | thymol methyl ether | Terpene | oregano-like, smoky-like, woody | 1233 | 1233 | [150,194] |
| 70 | 19.782 | - | - | 0.22 | octyl-acetate | Ester | fruity, herbal | 1236 | 1222 | [145,195] |
| 71 | 19.957 | - | - | 0.31 | isothymol methyl ether | Terpene | burnt, smoky-like, woody | 1242 | 1244 | [196] |
| 72 | 20.116 | - | - | 3.29 | 1,2-Dimethyl-4-isobutylbenzene | Hydrocarbon | not found | 1248 | 1240 | [197] |
| 73 | 20.150 | - | 0.39 | - | 1-(4-ethylphenyl)-ethanone | Ketone | not found | 1249 | 1231 | [198] |
| 74 | 21.037 | - | - | 0.30 | decanol | Alcohol | floral, spicy | 1280 | 1280 | [182,199] |
| 75 | 21.051 | 0.01 | 0.16 | - | 4,6-dimethyldodecane | Hydrocarbon | not found | 1281 | 1285 | [200] |
| 76 | 21.157 | - | - | 8.17 | isobornyl acetate | Ester | herb, woody, sweet, minty | 1284 | 1285 | [61,169] |
| 77 | 21.417 | - | - | 0.56 | thymol | Terpene | thyme-like, spicy | 1294 | 1293 | [60,194] |
| 78 | 21.620 | - | 0.97 | 0.10 | 2-undecanol | Alcohol | tallowy, soapy | 1301 | 1287 | [190,201] |
| 79 | 21.730 | - | 0.64 | - | 2,4-diethyl-1-heptanol | Alcohol | not found | 1305 | 1321 | [202] |
| 80 | 21.964 | - | 0.59 | - | 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-1-heptanol | Alcohol | not found | 1314 | 1300 | [203] |
| 81 | 22.149 | - | 0.46 | - | 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane | Hydrocarbon | not found | 1321 | 1321 | |
| 82 | 22.965 | - | 0.39 | - | 1-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethyl-3-pentanyl 2-methylpropanoate | Ester | fruity | 1351 | - | [155] |
| 83 | 23.416 | - | - | 0.14 | (3-Isopropenyl-2-methylcyclopentyl)methyl acetate | Ester | not found | 1368 | - | |
| 84 | 23.628 | 0.06 | 0.19 | 0.27 | 3-hydroxy-2,4,4-trimethylpentyl 2-methylpropanoate | Ester | apple, fresh, cucumber | 1376 | 1376 | [204,205] |
| 85 | 24.238 | - | 0.75 | - | tetradecane | Hydrocarbon | alkane-like, chemical | 1399 | 1413 | [189,206] |
| 86 | 24.451 | - | - | 0.78 | ethyl decanoate | Ester | fruity | 1407 | 1407 | [55,207] |
| 87 | 24.730 | - | - | 0.11 | trans-caryophyllene | Terpene | fresh, fruity, citrus | 1418 | 1419 | [58,59,184] |
| 88 | 24.813 | - | - | 0.37 | thymohydroquinone dimethyl ether | Terpene | earthy, moldy | 1422 | 1426 | [208,209] |
| 89 | 25.048 | - | - | 0.24 | γ-Elemene | Terpene | green, citrus, floral | 1431 | 1434 | [58,210] |
| 90 | 25.228 | - | - | 0.05 | alloaromadendrene | Terpene | woody | 1438 | 1442 | [211,212] |
| 91 | 25.349 | - | - | 2.10 | geranyl acetone | Ketone | fresh, green | 1443 | 1449 | [149,168] |
| 92 | 25.603 | - | 0.24 | 0.15 | (E)-nerylacetone | Ketone | rose, fresh, green, magnolia | 1454 | 1452 | [213,214] |
| 93 | 25.810 | - | 0.24 | - | γ-decalactone | Lactone | candy, sweet | 1462 | 1467 | [55,141,149,168] |
| 94 | 26.350 | - | 0.52 | - | 4-(2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-dienyl)but-3-en-2-one | Ketone | not found | 1483 | 1483 | [215] |
| 95 | 26.412 | - | 1.49 | - | beta-ionone | Ketone | dry fruit, floral | 1486 | 1486 | [55,168] |
| 96 | 26.644 | - | 0.22 | - | pentadecane | Hydrocarbon | herbaceous | 1495 | 1500 | [58,168] |
| 97 | 26.692 | 0.06 | - | - | valencene | Terpene | fruity, flowery | 1496 | 1496 | [58,216,217] |
| 98 | 27.094 | - | 0.19 | - | 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol | Hydrocarbon | not found | 1513 | 1513 | [218,219] |
| 99 | 27.470 | - | 1.26 | - | dihydroactinidiolide | Lactone | coumarin-like, musky | 1529 | 1528 | [220,221] |
| 100 | 30.835 | - | - | 0.11 | 1-heptadecene | Hydrocarbon | earthy, moss | 1677 | 1673 | [157,222] |
a Average of the three retention times obtained for the chromatograms of the fresh, oven dried, and freeze dried S. ramosissima. b Descriptions taken from the literature. c Average of the three calculated linear retention indexes obtained for the chromatograms of the fresh, oven dried, and freeze dried S. ramosissima.