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. 2021 Aug 21;10(8):1317. doi: 10.3390/antiox10081317

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Response surface methodology (RSM) for the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of extracted yield of proanthocyanidins (PAs) from kiwi leaves with respect to ultrasonic amplitude (X1); extraction time (X2); solvent to solid ratio (X3); and extraction temperature (X4). (a) RSM between amplitude and time; (b) RSM between amplitude and solvent to solid ratio; (c) RSM between amplitude and temperature; (d) RSM between time and solvent to solid ratio; (e) RSM between time and temperature; (f) RSM between solvent to solid ratio and temperature.