C	solute concentration, M
Ccell	cell density, cell/cm2
CL,a	lidocaine concentration in the adsorbed phase, moles/cm2
CO2,eq	dissolved oxygen concentration in medium equilibrating the above gas, M
$Da=\frac{k_{O_2}^{’} C_{cell} h}{K_{M,O_2} D_{O_2}}$	Damkoehler number,
DO2	oxygen diffusion coefficient in medium, cm2/s
fu	unbound lidocaine fraction,
h	medium thickness above cell surface in adhesion culture, cm
ki	kinetic constant for the i-th transformation, s−1
ki’ = ki/Ccell	cell-specific kinetic constant for the i-th transformation, cm3/(s ncell)
KM	Michaelis constant, M
m	number of experiments,
n	number of data points,
p	number of model parameters,
-r	metabolite disappearance rate, M/s
Subscripts/Superscripts
a	adsorption
d	desorption
exp	experimental
i	i-th metabolite
j	j-th data point
k	k-th experiment
mod	model-predicted
os	species other than MEGX produced by lidocaine metabolic transformation
A	adhesion culture
B	bioreactor culture
L	lidocaine
M	MEGX
O2	dissolved oxygen
0	initial value
1	lidocaine metabolic transformation
2	MEGX further metabolic transformation
α	reaction rate order