Table 1.

Drugs used for treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD).

T2DM	Drugs	AD
↑ glucose uptake and regulation	INSULIN	↑ deactivation of GSK-3β ↑ Aβ clearance
↑ insulin secretion	GLP1-RA (Exenatide-4, liraglutide, lixisenatide)	↑ deactivation of GSK-3β ↓ neuronal Tau hyperphoshorylation
↑ insulin sensitivity, ↑ transcription of insulin sensitive genes	TZDs (rosiglitazone, pioglitazone)	↓ Aβ generation and deposition
↑ insulin sensitivity	GSK-3β INHIBITORS (Tideglusib, NP12, TDZD-8)	↑ deactivation of GSK-3β ↓ Tau hyperphosh ↓ Aβ deposition
↓ RAGE expression ↑ glucose uptake ↑ insulin sensitivity	RESVERATROL	↑ AMPK ↓ mTOR ↑autophagy ↓ Aβ deposition
↑ insulin sensitivity ↓ glucose plasma levels	CURCUMIN	↓ IAPP amyloid fibrils ↑ deactivation of GSK-3β
↑ insulin sensitivity	ZERUMBONE	AChE inhibitor
↓ intestinal glucose absorption	CAPSAICIN	↓ RAGE activation ↓ blood–brain Aβ
↓ free radicals	LYCOPENE	↓ free radicals
	J147	↑ AMPK ↓ mTOR ↑autophagy ↓ Aβ deposition
	THIAMET G	O-GlcNAcase inhibitor ↓ Aβ and Tau pathology
	MITOCHONDRIA ANTIOXIDANTS (MitoQ and MitoVitE)	↓ free radicals ↓ Aβ neurotoxicity
	RAPAMYCIN	↓ mTOR ↑autophagy/mitophagy
	LATREPIRDINE	↑autophagy/mitophagy ↓Aβ toxicity
	NICOTINAMIDE	↑ autophagy ↓Aβ and Tau pathology.

Abbreviations: GLP-1 RA: glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists; TZDs: thiazolidinediones; AChE: Acetylcholinesterase; RAGE: Receptor advanced glycation end products. ↑ increase, ↓ decrease.