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Models of slow oscillations. Two types of neural population (rate) models for UP and DOWN dynamics are illustrated. (A) A neural population model with recurrent excitation, slow adaptive process a and noisy fluctuations ξE. (B) A neural population model with recurrent excitation and inhibition, slow adaptive process and independent noisy inputs. The physiological implementation of the adaptive process can be activity-dependent K+ current or synaptic depression.
