Table 2. The used test functions in the evaluation.

No.	Function Name	Test Function	Dimension	Search Space	Optimal Solution
F1	Sphere	$f(x)={\displaystyle {\sum }_{i=1}^n{x}_i^2}$	2	[-100,100]	0
			5	[-100,100]	0
			10	[-100,100]	0
			30	[-100,100]	0
F2	Schwefel 2.22	$f(x)={\displaystyle {\sum }_{i=1}^n\left|x_i\right|}+{\displaystyle {\prod }_{i=1}^n\left|x_i\right|}$	2	[-100,100]	0
			5	[-100,100]	0
			10	[-100,100]	0
			30	[-10,10]	0
F3	Schwefel 1.2	$f(x)={\displaystyle {\sum }_{i=1}^n\left({\displaystyle {\sum }_{j=1}^i{x}_j}\right)}$	2	[-100,100]	0
			5	[-100,100]	0
			10	[-100,100]	0
			30	[-100,100]	0
F4	Schwefel 2.21	$f(x)=\text{max}\left(\text{abs}\left(x_i\right)\right)$	2	[-10,10]	0
			5	[-10,10]	0
			10	[-10,10]	0
			30	[-100,100]	0
F5	Rosenbrock	$f(x)={\displaystyle {\sum }_{i=1}^{n-1}\left[100{\left(x_{i+1}-x_i^2\right)}^2+{\left(x_i-1\right)}^2\right]}$	2	[-30,30]	0
			5	[-30,30]	0
			10	[-30,30]	0
			30	[-30,30]	0
F6	Step	$\mid f(x)={\sum }_{i=1}^n{\left(x_i+0.5\right)}^2$	2	[-100,100]	0
			5	[-100,100]	0
			10	[-100,100]	0
			30	[-100,100]	0
F7	Rastrigin	$f(x)={\sum }_{i=1}^n\left(x_i^2-10\text{cos}\left(2\pi x_i\right)+10\right)$	2	[-5.12,5.12]	0
			5	[-5.12,5.12]	0
			10	[-5.12,5.12]	0
			30	[-5.12,5.12]	0
F8	Ackley	$\begin{array}{c}f(x)=20+e-\\ 20\text{exp}\left(-\frac{1}{5}\sqrt{\frac{1}{n}{\sum }_{i=1}^n{x}_i^2}\right)-\\ \text{exp}\left(\frac{1}{n}{\sum }_{i=1}^n\text{cos}\left(2\pi x_i\right)\right)\end{array}$	2	[-32,32]	0
			5	[-32,32]	0
			10	[-32,32]	0
			30	[-32,32]	0
F9	Griewank	$f(x)=\frac{1}{1000}{{\displaystyle \sum }}_{i=1}^n{x}_i^2-{\displaystyle {\prod }_{i-1}^n\text{cos}\left(\frac{x_i}{\sqrt{i}}\right)}+1$	2	[-600,600]	0
			5	[-600,600]	0
			10	[-600,600]	0
			30	[-600,600]	0
F10	Penalgy 1	$\begin{array}{c}f(x)=\frac{\pi }{n}\left\{10\text{sin}\left(\pi y_1\right)+\right.\\ {{\displaystyle \sum }}_{i=1}^{n-1}{\left(y_1-1\right)}^2\left[1+10{\text{sin}}^2\left(\pi y_{i+1}\right)\right]+\left(y_n-1\right)\left.{}^2\right\}\\ +{{\displaystyle \sum }}_{i=1}^{n}u\left(x_i,10,100,4\right),\\ y_i=1+\frac{x_i+1}{4},\\ u\left(x_i,a,k,m\right)=\\ \left\{\begin{array}{cc}k{\left(x_i-a\right)}^m,\hfill & x_i>a\hfill \\ 0\hfill & -a<x_i<a\hfill \\ k{\left(-x_i-a\right)}^m,\hfill & x_i<-a\hfill \end{array}\right.\end{array}$	2	[-50,50]	0
			5	[-50,50]	0
			10	[-50,50]	0
			30	[-50,50]	0
F11	Bent Cigar	$f(x)=x_1^2+{10}^6{{\displaystyle \sum }}_{i=2}^n{x}_i^2$	2	[-50,50]	0
			5	[-50,50]	0
			10	[-50,50]	0
			30	[-50,50]	0
F12	Sumsquares-2	$f\left(x\right)={\sum }_{i=1}^{n}i{x}_i^2$	2	[-50,50]	0
			5	[-50,50]	0
			10	[-50,50]	0
			30	[-50,50]	0