Figure 1.

Cytotoxic effects of H₂O₂, glutamate, and GZM extract in neuronal (HT-22 and Neuro-2a) cells. Cell viability was analyzed using the MTT method. The neurons were exposed to different doses of H₂O₂ or glutamate for various time periods in HT-22 (a,c) and Neuro-2a cells (b,d). The effects of GZM extract on the cell viability of HT-22 (e) and Neuro-2a (f) cells. The cells were treated with varying concentrations of the extract for 48 h. (p ≤ 0.001 compared with DMSO control). The details of statistical values are provided in Table S2 (Supplementary Materials).