Table 1.
Demographic, analytical, and clinical parameters.
| Mild (n = 73) | Moderate–Severe (n = 82) |
p-Value | Reference Values | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic | ||||
| Age (years) | 59 (47–77) | 72 (63–79) | <0.001 | NA |
| Gender (% female) | 43 (58.90%) | 26 (31.71%) | 0.001 | NA |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 30 (41.10%) | 43 (52.44%) | NS (0.158) | NA |
| Type II diabetes | 11 (15.07%) | 17 (20.73%) | NS (0.360) | NA |
| Heart disease | 12 (16.44) | 20 (24.39%) | NS (0.222) | NA |
| Respiratory disease | 6 (8.22%) | 8 (9.76%) | NS (0.739) | NA |
| Obesity | 12 (16.44) | 11 (13.41%) | NS (0.597) | NA |
| Biochemical parameters | ||||
| C-reactive protein (mg/dL) | 2.9 (0.9–6.6) | 6.5 (3.0–10.7) | 0.001 | 0.1–0.5 |
| Ferritin (ng/mL) | 203.5 (105.5–603) | 535 (224–1135) | <0.001 | 10–291 |
| D-dimer (ng/mL) | 540 (313–992) | 702 (389–1309) | NS (0.199) | 0–500 |
| Troponin (ng/mL) | 5 (3–14) | 11 (6–21) | 0.006 | 0–40 |
| LDH (IU/L) | 227 (173–277) | 274 (223–362) | <0.001 | 120–246 |
| O2 saturation at admission (%) | 97 (96–98) | 95 (93–97) | <0.001 | NA |
| Complete blood count | ||||
| Lymphocytes (%) | 23.40 (16.00–32.75) | 16.65 (10.80–24.90) | 0.001 | 20.0–50.0 |
| Neutrophils (%) | 64.85 (54.35–74.40) | 74.00 (65.30–81.40) | <0.001 | 42.0–75.0 |
| Monocytes (%) | 8.70 (6.85–11.85) | 7.05 (4.70–10.00) | 0.003 | 2.0–13.0 |
| Lymphocytes count (×103) | 1.20 (0.80–1.80) | 0.90 (0.70–1.20) | 0.001 | 1.2–5.0 |
| Neutrophils (×103) | 3.45 (2.30–4.90) | 4.15 (2.70–5.90) | NS (0.077) | 1.4–7.5 |
| Monocytes (×103) | 0.53 ± 0.27 | 0.45 ± 0.26 | 0.051 | 0.2–1.0 |
| Serum immune factors | ||||
| IgG (mg/dL) | 1094.91 ± 351.20 | 1096.39 ± 344.30 | NS (0.979) | 734–1486 |
| IgM (mg/dL) | 98.18 (73.85–134.31) | 82.68 (51.42–133.88) | NS (0.078) | 41–201 |
| IgA (mg/dL) | 262.36 ± 155.21 | 279.47 ± 135.86 | NS (0.454) | 49–401 |
| C3 (mg/dL) | 131.50 ± 33.02 | 133.32 ± 30.60 | NS (0.724) | 77–203 |
| C4 (mg/dL) | 31.04 (25.26–37.02) | 35.44 (27.86–40.22) | 0.019 | 7.7–50.5 |
| IL-6 (ng/dL) | 26.68 (8.12–54.20) | 33.88 (7.46–125.0) | 0.048 | 0–30 |
Abbreviations: LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; NA: not applicable; NS: not significant. For parametric and nonparametric variables, mean ± SD and median (interquartile range) are shown. For comparison, T-Student and U-Mann–Whitney test, respectively, were used. The comparison of frequencies was addressed by the Chi-square test.