Table 5.

Example of polymeric additives for alternative formulations of CPCs.

Additives	CPCs Findings	References
Alginate	improved the injectability, high porosity, stronger and easy to handle	[77,78,79]
Chitosan	improved cohesion, higher compressive strength, prolonged setting time	[78,80]
Collagen	increase of new bone formation, increase in resorption rate	[81,82]
Gelatine	porogen, prolonged final setting time, promote cell adhesion, enhanced degradation, improve handling and cohesion	[83,84]
Hyaluronic acid	facilitates bone repair effects by accelerating osteogenic expression, more bone formation, higher osteogenic promoting factors secretion	[85,86]
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose	good injectability and cohesion, reduced the setting time, increased the porosity after hardening, especially the macroporosity, improved the mechanical properties strong toughening and strengthening effect)	[87,88]
PLGA microspheres	porogen, accelerate the degradation, increase plasticity	[89,90]
Starch	porogen, increasing of setting time, detrimental effect on the compressive strength	[91,92]