Table 3.
Multivariable logistic regression analysis for the presence of malnutrition and poor activities of daily living in older individuals with disabilities according to the type of drugs used.
| GLIM criteria∗ | |||||
| Malnutrition† | Well-nourished | Malnourished | Adjusted odds ratio | 95% confidence interval | P |
| Antihypertensive drugs | 27 (38.6) | 20 (60.6) | 3.297 | 1.153–9.428 | .03 |
| Proton pump inhibitors | 19 (27.1) | 17 (51.5) | 3.885 | 1.365–11.064 | .01 |
| Anticonstipation drugs | 17 (24.3) | 15 (45.5) | 3.094 | 1.089–8.789 | .03 |
| Antiplatelet drugs | 14 (20.0) | 10 (30.3) | 1.523 | 0.501–4.635 | .46 |
| Antidyslipidemia drugs | 14 (20.0) | 9 (27.3) | 1.124 | 0.369–3.426 | .84 |
| Sleeping aids | 12 (17.1) | 8 (24.2) | 1.856 | 0.561–6.133 | .31 |
| Antidiabetic drugs | 11 (15.7) | 5 (15.2) | 0.957 | 0.242–3.783 | .95 |
| Anticoagulants | 4 (5.7) | 6 (18.2) | 3.507 | 0.724–16.982 | .12 |
| Probiotics | 4 (5.7) | 6 (18.2) | 4.596 | 0.737–28.821 | .10 |
| Gastrointestinal motility regulators | 3 (4.3) | 4 (12.1) | 3.911 | 0.568–26.915 | .17 |
| Bedridden level∗ | |||||
| ADL disability‡ | Independent | ADL disability | |||
| Antihypertensive drugs | 22 (38.6) | 25 (54.3) | 2.299 | 0.893–5.917 | .09 |
| Proton pump inhibitors | 15 (26.3) | 21 (45.7) | 2.893 | 1.098–7.622 | .03 |
| Anticonstipation drugs | 11 (19.3) | 21 (45.7) | 2.974 | 1.121–7.918 | .03 |
| Antiplatelet drugs | 10 (17.5) | 14 (30.4) | 2.438 | 0.863–6.887 | .09 |
| Antidyslipidemia drugs | 8 (14.0) | 15 (32.6) | 2.992 | 1.018–8.796 | .05 |
| Sleeping aids | 10 (17.5) | 10 (21.7) | 1.293 | 0.424–3.947 | .65 |
| Antidiabetic drugs | 6 (10.5) | 10 (21.7) | 3.651 | 1.017–13.106 | .05 |
| Anticoagulants | 4 (7.0) | 6 (13.0) | 1.552 | 0.357–6.754 | .56 |
| Probiotics | 3 (5.3) | 4 (8.7) | 2.789 | 0.478–16.260 | .25 |
| Gastrointestinal motility regulators | 4 (7.0) | 3 (6.5) | 0.832 | 0.144–4.804 | .84 |
Data are presented as numbers (percentage).
ADL = activity of daily living, GLIM = Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition.
The number of participants who used drugs were indicated by n (%). Participants can use more than 1 drug; thus, the percentages do not sum to 100%.
Odds ratio adjusted for age (continuous), sex (male = 0, female = 1), protein foods per day (3 or more = 0, less than 3 = 1), polypharmacy (less than 5 = 0, 5 or more = 1), psychological stress (no = 1, yes = 1), loss of appetite (no = 0, yes = 1), and loss of pleasure of eating (no = 0, yes = 1).
Odds ratio adjusted for age (continuous), sex (male = 0, female = 1), protein foods per day (3 or more = 0, less than 3 = 1), polypharmacy (less than 5 = 0, 5 or more = 1), rating of dementia (independent = 0, mild dementia = 1), psychological stress (no = 1, yes = 1), loss of appetite (no = 0, yes = 1), and loss of pleasure of eating (no = 0, yes = 1).