Table 1.
Demographics of participants with and without NAFLD.
| NAFLD status | |||
| Variable | Non-NAFLD (n = 102) | NAFLD (n = 133) | P-value |
| Age, mean (SD), yr | 52.09 (8.30) | 53.43 (7.05) | .183 |
| Sex (male %) | 61 (60%) | 113 (85%) | .000 |
| BMI, mean (SD), kg/m2 | 22.15 (2.56) | 25.52 (2.61) | .000 |
| HbA1c, mean (SD), % | 5.44 (0.34) | 5.73 (0.78) | .001 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mean (SD), mmHg | 116.27 (15.97) | 123.50 (13.10) | .000 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mean (SD) mm Hg | 74.15 (10.14) | 79.06 (10.70) | .000 |
| Glucose AC, mean (SD), mg/dL | 94.03 (9.77) | 103.92 (19.58) | .000 |
| Total cholesterol, mean (SD), mg/dL | 202.94 (34.71) | 205.65 (37.96) | .575 |
| Triglyceride, mean (SD), mg/dL | 99.45 (56.57) | 160.39 (86.70) | .000 |
| LDL, mean (SD), mg/dL | 124.00 (30.78) | 131.65 (33.26) | .073 |
| Plasma hs-CRP, mean (SD), mg/L | 0.15 (0.38) | 0.18 (0.24) | .430 |
| Smoking, no. (%) | 20 (20%) | 37 (28%) | .000 |
| Anti-platelet agent used, no. (%) | 3 (3%) | 11 (8%) | .000 |
| Anti-lipid agent used, no. (%) | 8 (8%) | 18 (14%) | .000 |
| DM control agent used, no. (%) | 2 (2%) | 11 (8%) | .000 |
| Hypertension control agent used, no. (%) | 9 (9%) | 30 (23%) | .000 |
| Hb A1c level ≥6.5%, no. (%) | 0 (0%) | 12 (9%) | .000 |
| TMAO, mean (SD), μM | 2.95 (6.73) | 2.22 (2.94) | .408 |
| Endotoxin, mean (SD), EU/mL | 0.68 (1.18) | 0.95 (1.74) | .230 |
AC = ante cibum; BMI = body mass index; CRP = C-reactive protein; DM = diabetes mellitus; HbA1c = hemoglobin A1C; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; NAFLD = non-alcoholic fatty liver disease; no. = number; SD = standard deviation; TMAO = trimethylamine-N-oxide.