Table 3.
Lung function and chest CT among COVID-19 patients at 6-month and 12-month follow-up according to severity scale
|
Scale 3: not requiring supplemental oxygen |
Scale 4: requiring supplemental oxygen |
Scale 5–6: requiring HFNC, NIV, or IMV |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6 month | 12 month | p value | 6 month | 12 month | p value | 6 month | 12 month | p value | |
| Lung function | |||||||||
| Number of patients | 59 | 56 | .. | 125 | 118 | .. | 70 | 70 | .. |
| FEV1 <80%, % of predicted | 4 (7%) | 2 (4%) | 0·32 | 2 (2%) | 3 (3%) | 0·56 | 10 (14%) | 4 (6%) | 0·014 |
| FVC <80%, % of predicted | 3 (5%) | 2 (4%) | <0·0001 | 0 (0%) | 2 (2%) | 0·16 | 9 (13%) | 6 (9%) | 0·08 |
| FEV1/FVC <70% | 5 (8%) | 4 (7%) | 0·32 | 11 (9%) | 6 (5%) | 0·10 | 2 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 0·16 |
| TLC <80%, % of predicted | 6/57 (11%) | 3 (5%) | 0·18 | 12/124 (10%) | 8/117 (7%) | 0·65 | 27/69 (39%) | 20 (29%) | 0·021 |
| FRC <80%, % of predicted | 4/57 (7%) | 6 (11%) | 0·32 | 5/124 (4%) | 5/116 (4%) | 1·00 | 14/67 (21%) | 16 (23%) | 1·00 |
| RV <80%, % of predicted | 12/57 (21%) | 15 (27%) | 1·00 | 18/124 (15%) | 26/117 (22%) | 0·050 | 34/69 (49%) | 44 (63%) | 0·11 |
| DLCO <80%, % of predicted* | 12/57 (21%) | 13 (23%) | 0·53 | 32/124 (26%) | 36/117 (31%) | 0·13 | 39/69 (57%) | 38 (54%) | 0·53 |
| Chest CT | |||||||||
| Number of patients | 33 | 28 | .. | 56 | 52 | .. | 39 | 38 | .. |
| At least one abnormal CT pattern | 33 (100%) | 11 (39%) | <0·0001 | 56 (100%) | 21 (40%) | <0·0001 | 39 (100%) | 33 (87%) | 0·025 |
| GGO | 28 (85%) | 11 (39%) | 0·0047 | 52 (93%) | 14 (27%) | <0·0001 | 32 (82%) | 29 (76%) | 0·56 |
| Irregular lines | 6 (18%) | 6 (21%) | 1·00 | 13 (23%) | 12 (23%) | 1·00 | 18 (46%) | 23 (61%) | 0·22 |
| Subpleural line | 5 (15%) | 1 (4%) | 0·10 | 1 (2%) | 2 (4%) | 0·56 | 3 (8%) | 8 (21%) | 0·06 |
| Interlobular septal thickening | 1 (3%) | 0 (0%) | 0·32 | 2 (4%) | 1 (2%) | 0·56 | 0 (0%) | 4 (11%) | 0·046 |
| Reticular pattern | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | NA | 0 (0%) | 1 (2%) | 0·32 | 1 (3%) | 3 (8%) | 0·16 |
| Consolidation | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | NA | 4 (7%) | 0 (0%) | 0·08 | 0 (0%) | 1 (3%) | 0·32 |
Data are absolute values, n (%), or n/N (%) when data are missing. HFNC=high-flow nasal cannula for oxygen therapy. NIV=non-invasive ventilation. IMV=invasive mechanical ventilation. FEV1=forced expiratory volume in 1 s. FVC=forced vital capacity. TLC=total lung capacity. FRC=functional residual capacity. RV=residual volume. DLCO=diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide. GGO=ground glass opacity. NA=not applicable.
*
Carbon monoxide diffusion capacity was not corrected for haemoglobin.