Table 1.
The characteristics of the licensed and EUA vaccines
| Vaccine platform description | License code | Composition | Developers | Country | Licensed date | Approval type | Route of administration | Number of doses | Schedule | Regimen | Efficacy to SARS-CoV-2 | Adverse events | Storage condition | Price | Protection duration | Estimated supply |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Viral vector-based vaccines | Sputnik V | rAd26-S + rAd5-S | Gamaleya + Russian Federation | Russia | Aug 11, 2020 | Licensed | IM | 2 | Day 0 and Day 21 | First dose rAd26, second dose rAd5 | 91.6% | Flu-like illness (15.2%), injection-site reactions (5.4%), headache, asthenia | Liquid (stored at −18°C) and freeze dried (stored at 2–8 °C) | $10 | At least 6 months | 500 million |
| Covishield | ChAdOx1-S | AstraZeneca + University of Oxford | England | Jan 2021 | EUA | IM | 2 | Day 0 and Day 28 | (1) COV001 (UK): a dose of SD (5 × 1010 VLPs) with the booster dose; (2) COV002 (UK): LD (2.2 × 1010 VLPs) + a SD; (3) COV003 (Brazil): two doses (3.5–6.5 × 1010 VLPs); (4) COV004 (South Africa): two doses (3.5–6.5 × 1010 VLPs) | All: 66.7%; LD/SD: 80.7%; SD/SD: 63·1% | Severe adverse events (0.2%): infection, hemolytic anemia, transverse myelitis | Stored and distributed at 2–8 °C for 6 months | $4–$8.1 | At least 6 months | 30 million | |
| Recombinant novel coronavirus vaccine (Ad5-nCoV) | Ad5-S | CanSino + BIB | China | Feb 25, 2021 | Licensed | IM | 1 | Day 0 | 5 × 1010 VLPs | 14 days after injection: 68.83%; 28 days after injection: 65.28% | Injection-site pain (56%), fatigue (42%), fever (32%), headache (29%) | Stored and distributed at 2–8 °C | NA | At least 6 months | 5 billion | |
| Ad26.COV2.S | Ad26-S | Janssen Pharmaceutical | America | Feb 27, 2021 | EUA | IM | 1 | Day 0 | 5 × 1010 VLPs | 66% | Injection-site pain (48.6%), headache (38.9%), fatigue, myalgia, nausea | Stored at −20 °C for 2 years, stored and distributed at 2–8 °C for 3 months | $10 | At least 6 months | 1 billion | |
| RNA-based vaccine | BNT162b2 | LNP-formulated, nucleoside-modified RNA | Pfizer/BioNTech | America | Dec 11, 2020 | EUA | IM | 2 | Day 0 and Day 28 | 30 μg | 95% | Injection-site pain (66–78%), fatigue (4%), headache, lymphadenopathy, Bell’s palsy | Shipping (−70 °C); ready to use (2–8 °C) up to 5 days | $19.5 | At least 6 months | 50 million |
| mRNA-1273 | LNP-formulated, nucleoside-modified RNA | Moderna | America | Dec 18, 2020 | EUA | IM | 2 | Day 0 and Day 28 | 100 μg | 94.1% | Injection-site pain (60%), fatigue (20%), headache, myalgia, Bell’s palsy | Stored at −20 °C for 6 months, ready to use (2–8 °C) for a month or (room temperature) up to 5 h | $25–$37 | At least 6 months | 50 million | |
| Inactivated virus | BBIBP-CorV | Inactivated virus (HB02 strain) (Vero cell) with alum as adjuvant | Sinopharm + CNB + BIBP | China | Dec 31, 2020 | Licensed | IM | 2 | Day 0 and Day 21 | 4 μg/0.5 mL | 79.34% | Injection-site pain (35%), fever (6%), swelling, fatigue | Stored and distributed at 2–8°C | Free | At least 6 months | 1 billion |
| Covaxin | Whole-virion inactivated Vero cell | Bharat Biotech | India | Jan 3, 2021 | EUA | IM | 2 | Day 0 and Day 14 | 6 μg /0.5 mL | Seroconversion rates: 96.6% | Injection-site pain (3.2%), headache (2%), fatigue, fever | Stored and distributed at 2–8 °C | NA | At least 6 months | 300 million | |
| CoronaVac | Inactivated virus (CN02 strain) (Vero cell) with alum as adjuvant | Sinovac | China | Feb 5, 2021 | Licensed | IM | 2 | day 0 and day 14 | 3 μg/0.5 mL | Brazil: 50.7%; Chile: 67%; Turkish: 91.25% | Injection-site pain (17%), diarrhea (5%), fatigue, fever, headache | Stored and distributed at 2–8 °C for 6 months | Free | at least 6 months | 2 billion | |
| Protein subunit | WIBP-CorV | Inactivated virus (WIV04 strain) (Vero cell) with alum as adjuvant | Sinopharm + CNB + WIBP | China | Feb 25, 2021 | Licensed | IM | 2 | day 0 and day 21 | 5 μg/0.5 mL | 72.51% | Injection-site pain (14.3%), fever (2.4%), diarrhea, fatigue, swelling | Stored and distributed at 2–8 °C | NA | at least 6 months | 1 billion |
| ZF2001 | An RBD-dimer protein produced in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with alum as adjuvant | Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical + Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences | China | Mar 10, 2021 | EUA | IM | 3 | Day 0 + 28 + 56 | 25 μg/0.5 mL | Seroconversion rates: 97% | Itch (19%), redness (16%), swelling, injection-site pain, fever | Stored and distributed at 2–8 °C | NA | at least 6 months | 300 million |
rAd5 recombinant adenovirus 5, rAd26 recombinant adenovirus 26, S Spike (protein), ChAdOx1-S attenuated resulting in infections in chimpanzees, LNP lipid-based nanoparticles, BIB Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, BIBP Beijing Institute of Biological Product, WIBP Wuhan Institute of Biological Product, CNB China National Biotec Group, EUA emergency use authorization; LD low dose; SD standard dose, BD booster dose, VLP virus-like particles