Table 3.

Antibiotic resistance characteristics of DRB and corresponding risks reported in literature.

Disinfectant	Types of water samples	Characteristics of DRB	Potential risks	References
Chlorine	Drinking water	Higher relative abundance of ARGs	Higher persistence to antibiotics	(Xu et al., 2020)
Chlorine	Drinking water	Higher relative abundance of bacteria with persistence of antibiotics	Higher persistence to antibiotics	(Jia et al., 2015)
Chlorine UV	Wastewater	Higher relative abundance of ARB and ARGs	Higher persistence to antibiotics	(Munir et al., 2011)
Ozone	Wastewater	Higher relative abundance of ARGs	Higher persistence to antibiotics	(Czekalski et al., 2016)
UV	Wastewater	Higher relative abundance of ARB	Higher persistence to antibiotics	(Guo et al., 2013)
Ozone	Wastewater	Higher relative abundance of ARB	Higher persistence to antibiotics	(Czekalski et al., 2016)
ChlorineUV	Wastewater	ARGs damage was slower than the loss of cell culturability	Higher persistence to antibiotics	(Yoon et al., 2017)
Chlorine UV	Wastewater	More frequent horizontal transfer	Higher ratio of ARB in pathogens	(Guo et al., 2015)
Chlorine	Wastewater	More frequent horizontal transfer	Higher ratio of ARB in pathogens	(Cheng et al., 2021)