Table 2.

Means and standard deviations of individual reactions to COVID items for the first 3 and past 3 months of the pandemic

How often did you feel the following ways when thinking about your experience with the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic	First 3 months of the pandemic (March, April, May 2020)	Past 3 months of the pandemic (June, July, August 2020)	Standardized difference (Cohen’s d [95%CI])
Feel nervous, anxious, or on edge	1.08 (0.84)	1.42 (1.09)	0.35 [0.26, 0.43]
Feel depressed	1.05 (0.88)	1.36 (1.11)	0.30 [0.22, 0.39]
Feel lonely	1.07 (0.87)	1.34 (1.14)	0.26 [0.18, 0.34]
Sleep less than typical	1.02 (0.85)	1.37 (1.12)	0.34 [0.26, 0.43]
Have physical reactions, such as sweating, trouble breathing, nausea, or a pounding heart	1.00 (0.85)	1.27 (1.12)	0.26 [0.19, 0.35]
Was stressed by the restrictions on leaving home	1.14 (0.91)	1.47 (1.17)	0.31 [0.23, 0.39]
Feel that your family relationships were suffering	1.06 (0.87)	1.31 (1.11)	0.25 [0.17, 0.33]
Feel that your social relationships were suffering	1.10 (0.88)	1.34 (1.14)	0.23 [0.15, 0.32]
Was stressed about finances	1.15 (0.95)	1.49 (1.20)	0.18 [0.10, 0.26]
Mean of 9 items	1.07 (0.45)	1.37 (0.63)	0.55 [0.47, 0.62]

Note: Higher mean reflects “poorer” COVID-related reactions. Means reflect response options of 1 (a little bit) and 2 (a moderate amount) on a scale from 0 to 4