Table 3.

Electrophysiology, CSF, imaging, treatment, and clinical outcomes.

Case	NCS finding	CSF		Imaging	Treatment	Outcome
		Protein (15-45 mg/dl)	Cell (<5/μl)
1	4 weeks after ICIs: not suggestive of neuropathy	78 OL (+)	17		IVIG over 5 days for the first time	Significant improvement in muscle weakness. 18 days after discharge, the disease developed an ascending paralysis of the extremities.
	44 days later: acute and chronic demyelinating polyneuropathy	175 OL (-)	3		PLEX for 7 days and solumedrol for 5 days instead of IVIG for reoccurrence	Melanoma progression occurred about 1 year after the last dose of pembrolizumab. Rechallenging with ipilimumab. Only ongoing bilateral leg tingling and diarrhea
2	Acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy	58.33	8	MRI of the brain and spinal cord was normal.	Oral treatment with dexamethasone and then switched to IVIG along with prednisone	Symptoms improved during 1 week of treatment. After 1 month, walking and standing was normal. No recurrence of tumor
3	AIDP	405	4	Spinal MRI: abnormal thickening and enhanced posterior nerve roots (L4-L5, L5-S1), no features of metastatic disease	Dexamethasone for 6 days and IVIG for 5 days	Hydrocephalus, ventricular enlargement and bed-bound Died after withdraw from life support
4	Dysautonomia secondary to AIDP	91	0		IVIG+prednisone+PLEX Life-sustaining therapies	Respiratory distress, tachycardia, and hypotension Died after withdrew life-sustain
5	AIDP	124	41	Brain as well as the lumbar and thoracic spine MRI: no clear cord or cauda equina involvement despite spine metastases	IVIG for 5 days	Rehabilitation No other potential agents were given and alive 6 months after the use of last immunotherapies.
6	AIDP	105	8	Spine MRI: severe stenosis of lumbar spinal canal	IVIG for 5 days and methylprednisolone during 7 days	A rapid clinical improvement was observed within the first 3 days. Methylprednisone was tapered progressively over 10 weeks. Completely recovered. 6 months later, cancer remains stable.
7	MFS	175	5	Brain and cervical spine MRI: normal	IVIG and intravenous methylprednisone followed by oral prednisolone	Severe global limb weakness and respiratory decompensation developed after 3 days of IVIG. Respiratory function and motor weakness improved after 9 days of corticosteroid treatment. Rehabilitation after 3 months of treatment
8	AIDP	140	2	Brain and cord MRI: nonspecific cerebral white-matter lesions	IVIG for 5 days along with prednisone for 1 month	Improvement. Disease progressed with increased number and size of lung metastases. Died from sepsis
9	AIDP	88	2	Brain and spinal MRI: no evidence of metastases or ischaemic and/or hemorrhagic lesions	Methylprednisolone IVIG for 5 days Prednisone	Without clinical benefit Leg weakness, numbness in patient's fingers, and paresthesia dramatically improved. A further improvement was obtained after 2 weeks of prednisolone.
10	Acute sensorimotor polyradiculoneuropathy with mixed axonal/demyelinating	<45	<5	Spinal CT: normal	IVIG for 5 days and prednisone 30 mg daily at the same time	3 weeks later, improved rapidly and transition to pembrolizumab with no evidence of GBS
11	AIDP	230	0	Spinal MRI: normal	IVIG	Good recovery
12	AMAN	37 mg/dl but elevated IgG levels	2		Prednisone IVIG	Symptoms continued to worsen. Minimally improved but prevented further progression
13	AIDP	No lumbar puncture was performed.		Spinal MRI: degenerative changes with no evidence of cord compression	Methylprednisone and IVIG Prednisone	19 days after admission, weakness and numbness mostly resolved. 1 month later, neurological recovery except for mild residual paresthesias of the feet
14	Multiple cranial neuropathy and AIDP	350	7	Lumbar spine MRI: a reduction of gadolinium enhancement of nerve roots and cauda equina	IVIG Steroid pulse therapy	Multiple cranial neuropathies were moderately improved after 4 weeks of treatment. Muscle weakness remarkably improved after the 3 courses of therapy.
15	AIDP	680	<5		Methylprednisolone along with IVIG PLEX	Strength diminished to 2/5 in the bilateral UEs and LEs. Respiratory status worsened. Respiratory status improved, and motor function gradually recovered.
16	AIDP	560	<5	Brain CT: a hemorrhage within one of his metastatic lesions and associated vasogenic edema	Methylprednisolone along with IVIG for 5 days PLEX	Acute hypoxic respiratory failure, requiring mechanical ventilation. After five days of treatment without any clinical improvement. A hemorrhage within one of metastatic lesions and associated vasogenic edema. Died after the withdrawn of care
17	AIDP	175	Lymphocytic pleocytosis	Brain and spinal MRI: abnormal enhancement involving the bilateral 5th, 7th and 8th cranial nerves, cauda equina nerve roots as well as the conus surface and peripheral nerves at the thoracolumbar junction	Methylprednisolone	Motor symptoms in hands and lower extremities improved rapidly after 2 days and gradually recovered over a 12-week period. Weakness resolved completely, residual minimal paresthesias
18	AIDP	339	4		Prednisone (60 mg/day) IVIG (0.4 g/kg) for 5 days	Symptoms worsened Gradually improved 3 months later, he was able to walk with a cane.
19	Asymmetric, subacute to early chronic and ongoing lumbar polyradiculoneuropathy with axonal involvement and demyelinating	>300	1	Spinal MRI: diffuse enhancement surrounding the entire conus and all of the nerve roots	Dexamethasone	Partial response systemically and neurologic improvement 6.5 months later, melanoma progressed.
20	MFS and demyelinating sensorimotor polyneuropathy	125	0		IVIG 2 g/kg for 5 days and methylprednisolone followed by a weaning dose of oral prednisolone PLEX	Modest clinical improvement Significant functional improvement and complete recovered at last. But melanoma had progressed.
21	AIDP	86	0		IVIG over 5 days Prednisone 90 mg/day	Dysphagia requiring nasogastric tube for feeding After 6 months, neurological condition improved significantly and the dysphagia completely was resolved. Numbness was still present but improved.
22	AIDP	73	<5		IVIG for 5 days Methylprednisolone	Did not lead to any clinical improvement Clinical recovery started 48 h later and was nearly complete after 6 weeks.
23	Acute sensorimotor polyradiculopathy with mixed axonal/demyelinating features	39	<5	Thoracic spine and lumbar spine CT: degenerative changes	IVIG	Marked improvement on treatment day 5
24	GBS presenting as dysautonomia, a length-dependent, sensorimotor polyneuropathy with axonal and demyelinating properties	No lumbar puncture was performed.			IVIG	Dysautonomia and weakness persisted, and cardiovascular and respiratory status improved by 2 months. Persistent urinary retention, oropharyngeal dysphagia, and generalized weakness
25	AMSAN with autonomic symptoms	115	15	Spinal MRI: normal	IVIG (0.4 g/kg/d) for 5 days Methylprednisolone (1 g/d for 5 days, then 500 mg/d for 3 days) followed by tapering oral prednisone (1 mg/kg/d) PLEX (5 changes over 2 weeks, followed by weekly exchanges)	Symptoms stabilized with mild improvement, yet one month later, it developed worsening weakness and ongoing painful paresthesia. Persistent nausea coupled with postural hypotensin and constipation 6 weeks later (12 weeks after initial treatment), the patient had only mild weakness. 9 months later, melanoma progressed.
26	GBS	85	0	Spine MRI: normal	IVIG+PLEX	Within 2 hours, respiratory muscle paralyzed, and ventilator support was applied. She was extubated after 11 days and expired within a few hours.
27	Acute, generalized, symmetrical, and sensorimotor neuropathy, impossible to distinguish axonal or demyelinating disorder because of severe limb edema	160	0		Methylprednisolone PLEX	Clinical status did not improve. Died of multivisceral failure within a few days
28	AMSAN	89	0	Cervical spine MRI: normal	IVIG	The muscle strength of all limbs slightly increased. But 3 days later, died from respiratory insufficiency
29	AIDP	167	<2	Brain and spinal MRI: normal	Methylprednisolone	Recovery
30	AIDP	56	Normal		Prednisolone IVIG	The neurologic symptoms reached the peak within 3 weeks and decreased over the next 2 months.
31	MFS	81 OL (+)	Normal	Central nervous system imaging showed no cerebral or vertebral pathology.	Prednisolone IVIG PLEX	A slight improvement with these treatments 2 months later, died from pneumonia
32	GBS	107.5	61		Prednisolone IVIG	The pain was greatly diminished. 8 months later, the motor and sensor function of extremities were still slowly recovering.
33	GBS	204.6 OL (+)	Normal		Prednisolone IVIG Methylprednisolone	The mild persistent weakness of his feet extensors and mild sensory loss and ataxia

AIDP: acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy; MFS: Miller Fisher syndrome; IVIG: intravenous immunoglobulin; PLEX: plasma exchange; AMAN: acute motor axonal neuropathy; AMSAN: acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy; OL: oligoclonal bands.