. 2021 Aug 27;26(2):1361–1374. doi: 10.1007/s00784-021-04111-3

Table 6.

COVID-19 complications and blood parameters

Parameters		HbA1c			CRP			Vitamin D3			D-dimer
		N	Mean ± SD	p value	N	Mean ± SD	p value	N	Mean ± SD	p value	N	Mean ± SD	p value
Hospital admission	Not required	7	5.4 ± 0.56	0.047 *	7	3.034 ± 1.93	0.001*	8	24.8 ± 32.09	0.269	8	160.50 ± 65.40	0.001*
Hospital admission	Required	25	7.304 ± 3.2	0.047 *	26	87.03 ± 97.6	0.001*	23	30.99 ± 26.4	0.269	30	3316.19 ± 5369.8	0.001*
Assisted ventilation	Not required	18	5.9 ± 1.9	0.005 *	16	31.756 ±57.00	0.002*	17	24.04 ± 27.40	0.077	17	3105.70 ± 6229.22	0.001*
Assisted ventilation	Required	14	8.1 ± 3.6	0.005 *	17	104.47 ± 107.5	0.002*	14	35.92 ± 27.4	0.077	21	2284.41 ± 3687.5	0.001*
Survival	Survived	31	6.923 ± 3.02	0.54	32	64.37 ± 90.29	0.141	30	28.18 ± 27.21	0.219	36	2743.16 ± 5052.42	0.601
Survival	Deceased	1	6.20	0.54	1	224.23	0.141	1	66.20	0.219	2	1007.92 ± 5.54	0.601
Parameters		Ferritin			Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio			Haemoglobin			Platelet count
		N	Mean ± SD	p value	N	Mean ± SD	p value	N	Mean ± SD	p value	N	Mean ± SD	p value
Hospital admission	Not required	7	175.77 ± 152.56	0.004*	3	1.24 ± 0.65	0.019*	9	14.34 ± 2.53	0.002*	9	249.22 ± 86.99	0.787
Hospital admission	Required	28	857.15 ± 826.7	0.004*	19	12.25 ± 15.4	0.019*	39	10.56 ± 2.6	0.002*	36	2358.92 ± 10377.0	0.787
Assisted ventilation	Not required	16	526.05 ± 750.03	0.040 *	8	5.18 ± 6.68	0.088	27	11.337 ± 3.15	0.925	24	246.67 ± 102.04	0.172
Assisted ventilation	Required	19	884.94 ± 804.0	0.040 *	14	13.93± 17.3	0.088	21	11.18 ± 2.9	0.925	21	570.44 ± 1682.0	0.172
Survival	Survived	33	718.39 ± 809.91	0.522	20	8.72 ± 13.91	0.040*	46	11.354 ± 3.07	0.256	43	237.26 ± 97.50	0.036*
Survival	Deceased	2	761.95 ± 445.54	0.522	2	30.99 ± 5.40	0.040*	2	9.390 ±.1556	0.256	2	97.50 ± 12.02	0.036*
Parameters		Pro-BNP			Troponin			Procalcitonin
		N	Mean ± SD	p value	N	Mean ± SD	p value	N	Mean ± SD	p value
Hospital admission	Not required	7	103.28 ± 162.9	0.001 *	7	4.01± 2.2	0.018*	8	0.42± 0.2	0.001*
Hospital admission	Required	30	18424.91 ± 57725.7	0.001 *	9	278.65 ± 677.0	0.018*	30	3.86 ± 12.8	0.001*
Assisted Ventilation	Not required	16	3621.25 ± 8940.7	0.220	16	158.49 ± 514.1	-	18	0.28 ± 0.53	0.019*
Assisted Ventilation	Required	21	23596.69 ± 68453.7	0.220	0	-	-	20	5.55 ± 3.4	0.019*
Survival	Survived	35	14977.47 ± 53810.56	0.107	16	158.49 ± 51.10	-	36	3.18 ± 11.75	0.170
Survival	Deceased	2	14629.50 ± 9540.99	0.107	0	-	-	2	0.89 ± 0.55	0.170

*Statistically significant (p < 0.05); ICU intensive care unit; HbA1c glycated haemoglobin; CRP C-reactive protein; HFNC high-flow nasal cannula; NIV non-invasive ventilation