Table 2.
Risk of bias for scientifically admissible validity studies based on the modified QUADAS-2 criteria
| Author, Year | Consecutive sample | Case-control design avoided | Avoided inappropriate exclusions | Blinded to ref std results | Pre-specified threshold | Described ref std | Appropriate ref std | Blinded to index test results | Appropriate time interval | All patients received ref std | All patients received same ref std | All patients included in analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adelmanesh et al., 2016 [30] | Y | Y | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Hebert et al., 2015 [22] | N | Y | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | Y | UC |
| Koppenhaver et al., 2013 [31] | N | Y | Y | Y | N/A | Y | Y | Y | UC | Y | Y | Y |
| Soleimanifar et al., 2017 [32] | N | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | N | Y | Y | Y | Y |
| Walsh et al., 2009 [28] | Y | Y | Y | Y | N/A | Y | UC | Y | UC | Y | Y | Y |
| Weiner et al., 2006 [29] | N | N | Y | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | UC |
N No, N/A Not applicable, ref. std. reference standard, UC Unclear, Y Yes