Table 2.
Description of variables used in the ordered probit regression.
| Variables | Description and measurement | Expected sign |
|---|---|---|
| Dependent variable | ||
| Food insecurity | 1 = Food-insecure | |
| 2 = Mildly food-insecure | ||
| 3 = Moderately food-insecure | ||
| 4 = severely food-insecure | ||
| Independent Variables | ||
| Exposure | ||
| Latest period dry spell | Frequency of dry spells that impacted major crop production between 2016 and 2018. | + |
| Longer period dry spell | Frequency of dry spells that impacted major crop production over the last ten years (2008–2018) | + |
| Sensitivity | ||
| Crop loss | Number of seasons the household lost their crop due to dry spells between 2016 and 2018. | + |
| Household Adaptive Capacity | ||
| Human Capital | ||
| Gender | Sex of the household head (1 = male) | – |
| Age | Age of the household head in years | -/+ |
| Family size | Number of household’s members | -/+ |
| Education level | Education level of the head in years | – |
| Reciprocal labor | Does household use/access reciprocal labor (1 = yes) | – |
| Financial Capital | ||
| Saving | Does current income allow household to save money (1 = yes) | – |
| Borrowings | Is the household able to borrow money from formal and informal sources (1 = yes) | – |
| Social Capital | ||
| Visiting village demonstration | Does household attend farm demonstration sites in respondent’s village (1 = yes) | – |
| Visiting another village | Does household attend farm demonstration sites in another village (1 = yes) | – |
| Extension contact | Number of contacts with extension agent in 2018. | – |
| Information on rainfall and temperature | Does household regularly receive information on expected rainfall and temperature (1 = yes) | – |
| Membership in social group | Is household a member of a social group such as a farmers’ cooperative or farmers’ association? (1 = yes) | – |
| Physical Capital | ||
| Distance to Market | Distance to the nearest main crop market in KM? | – |
| Distance to agriculture office | Distance to nearest government agricultural field office in KM? | – |
| Owned radio | Does the household currently own any radio or television? (1 = yes) | – |
| Natural Capital | ||
| Land size | Total farm size owned by the household in hectares | – |
| Livestock | Number of livestock owned by the household in tropical livestock units (TLU) | – |
Note that the expected sign was predicted from the perspective of food insecurity.