FGF9 induced LLC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. (A) MTT assay for the cell proliferation of 0, 10, 25, 50 or 100 ng/ml FGF9-treated LLC cells for 12, 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. (B) Western blot analysis and quantification of Ki-67 expression in LLC cells treated with 0 (Control) or 50 ng/ml FGF9 for 0.25, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. (C) Wound healing cell migration assay for LLC cells treated with 0, 10, 25, 50 and 100 ng/ml FGF9 for 21 h (left panel). The rate of wound closure was quantified as a migration index (right panel) by measuring the area of migrated cells across the baseline (red line in left panel). (D) Migration assay and (E) Matrigel invasion assay with quantified analyses of 0 (Control) or 50 ng/ml FGF9-treated LLC cells using the ibidi and a Transwell system were illustrated, respectively. All values are presented as the mean±SEM; (A) n=6, (B) n=4, (C-E) n=3. The data were analyzed by (A) two-way ANOVA with Sidak's multiple comparisons post-tests, (B, C) one-way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons post-tests for, and (D) and (E) Student t test; *p<0.05, **p<0.01, and ***p<0.001 vs. the Control (0 ng/ml FGF9) group.