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Treatment with oxonic acid increases level of oxidative stress and inflammatory mediators in aortas of apoe−/− mice. Levels of (A) MDA, (B) TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1, and MIP-2. (C) Western blots of ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and α-tubulin in aortas. Data are expressed as means ± SEMs of 10 mice. *Statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) relative to vehicle-treated apoe−/− mice.
