Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of prevalent and incident achalasia patients using the latest year of data in MarketScan (2018) and Medicare Databases (2015).
| MarketScan |
Medicare |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prevalent patients N= 2,900 | Incident patients N= 1,272 | Prevalent patients N= 4,907 | Incident patients N= 2,051 | |
| Age, median (IQR) | 52.7 (41.4–59.3) | 52.6 (41.5–59.7) | 78.0 (72.0–84.5) | 78.1 (72.2–84.6) |
| Age, n (%) | ||||
| 0–17 | 90 (3.1) | 42 (3.3) | -- | -- |
| 18–24 | 133 (4.6) | 70 (5.5) | -- | -- |
| 25–34 | 247 (8.5) | 113 (8.9) | -- | -- |
| 35–44 | 446 (15.4) | 183 (14.4) | -- | -- |
| 45–54 | 792 (27.3) | 327 (25.7) | -- | -- |
| 55–64 | 1192 (41.1) | 537 (42.2) | -- | -- |
| 65–74 | -- | -- | 1,958 (34.9) | 794 (38.7) |
| 75–84 | -- | -- | 1,877 (38.3) | 804 (39.2) |
| ≥85 | -- | -- | 1,072 (21.9) | 453 (22.1) |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
| Non-Hispanic White | -- | -- | 4,360 (89.3) | 1,821 (89.1) |
| Non-Hispanic Black | -- | -- | 341 (7.0) | 142 (7.0) |
| Non-Hispanic Asian | -- | -- | 51 (1.0) | 25 (1.2) |
| Non-Hispanic North Native American | -- | -- | 23 (0.5) | * |
| Hispanic | -- | -- | 64 (1.3) | 24 (1.2) |
| Non-Hispanic Other | -- | -- | 44 (0.9) | 20 (1.0) |
| Unknown | -- | -- | 24 | * |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 1,276 (44.0) | 550 (43.2) | 1,830 (37.3) | 802 (39.1) |
| Female | 1,624 (56.0) | 722 (56.8) | 3,077 (62.7) | 1,249 (60.9) |
| Symptomsa,b, n (%) | ||||
| Dysphagia | 1,192 (41.1) | 705 (55.4) | 953 (19.4) | 421 (20.5) |
| Esophageal reflux and heartburn | 1,566 (54.0) | 807 (63.4) | 2,992 (61.0) | 1,295 (63.1) |
| Chest pain | 665 (22.9) | 325(25.6) | 784 (16.0) | 377 (13.4) |
| Weight loss | 189 (6.5) | 101 (7.9) | 648 (13.2) | 290 (14.1) |
| Ulcers and esophageal bleeding | 122 (4.2) | 79 (6.2) | 18 (0.4) | * (<0.6) |
| Pneumonia | 177 (6.1) | 80 (6.2) | 860 (17.5) | 408 (19.9) |
| Select comorbiditiesa,b, n (%) | ||||
| Barrett’s Esophagus | 197 (6.8) | 92 (7.2) | 270 (5.5) | 116 (5.7) |
| Candidal esophagitis | 51 (1.8) | 31 (2.4) | 142 (2.9) | 52 (2.5) |
| Anemia | 392 (13.5) | 179 (14.1) | 1,968 (40.1) | 861 (42.0) |
| Esophageal cancer | 15 (0.5) | 10 (0.8) | 47 (1.0) | 19 (1.0) |
| Other gastrointestinal cancers | 31 (1.1) | 16 (1.3) | 190 (3.9) | 93 (4.5) |
| Asthma and COPD | 416 (14.3) | 182 (14.3) | 1,686 (34.4) | 725 (35.4) |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 66 (2.3) | 25 (2.0) | 286 (5.8) | 113 (5.5) |
| Scleroderma or systemic sclerosis | 38 (1.3) | 17 (1.3) | 75 (1.5) | 29 (1.4) |
| Lupus | 30 (1.0) | 13 (1.0) | 55 (1.1) | 22 (1.1) |
| Psoriatic arthritis | 19 (0.7) | 7 (0.6) | 23 (0.5) | 12 (0.6) |
| Sicca syndrome | 29 (1.0) | 13 (1.0) | 67 (1.4) | 28 (1.4) |
| Sarcoidosis | 19 (0.7) | 10 (0.8) | 19 (0.4) | * (<0.6) |
| Multiple sclerosis | 16 (0.6) | 9 (0.7) | 28 (0.6) | * (<0.6) |
| Ulcerative colitis | 37 (1.3) | 13 (1.0) | 55 (1.1) | 23 (1.1) |
| Crohn’s disease | 22 (0.8) | 10 (0.8) | 43 (0.9) | 23 (1.1) |
| Gagne comorbidity scorea,b, n (%) | ||||
| −1 | 335 (11.6) | 125 (9.8) | 470 (9.6) | 149 (7.2) |
| 0 | 1,364 (47.0) | 835 (65.6) | 886 (18.1) | 321 (15.7) |
| 1 | 608 (21.0) | 190 (14.9) | 764 (15.6) | 307 (15.0) |
| 2 | 251 (8.7) | 60 (4.7) | 569 (11.6) | 243 (11.9) |
| >3 | 342 (11.8) | 62 (4.9) | 2,218 (45.2) | 1,031 (50.3) |
| Kim Frailty Indexa,b, n (%) | ||||
| Robust, <0.15 | 2,156 (74.3) | 937 (73.7) | 1,178 (24.0) | 419 (20.4) |
| Prefrail, 0.15–0.24 | 680 (23.5) | 307 (24.1) | 2,130 (43.4) | 903 (44.0) |
| Mildly frail, 0.25–0.34 | 59 (2.0) | 27 (2.1) | 1,077 (22.0) | 507 (24.7) |
| Moderate-to-severely frail, ≥0.35 | 5 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 522 (10.6) | 222 (10.8) |
a
For incident cases, one-year of prior continuous insurance enrollment before index diagnosis was required and served as the lookback window to assess the presence of diagnostic codes that indicated the specified symptoms and comorbidities.
b
For prevalent cases, a one-year lookback window was used from the last date of enrollment or the end of the calendar year (whichever came first) to assess the presence of diagnostic codes that indicated the specified symptoms and comorbidities.
*
Cell counts less than 11 are suppressed per CMS cell size suppression policy