Table 1.
Patient Characteristics Along Medical and Social Factors by Provider Type
| Resident cohort N = 158 | Faculty cohort N = 158 | p1 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Markers of chronic illness burden2, mean (sd) | |||
| Number of chronic medical conditions | 3.4 (1.5) | 3.5 (1.4) | 0.3 |
| Body mass index | 28.9 (6.9) | 28.6 (6.6) | 0.7 |
| Total cholesterol | 177 (38.9) | 186.5 (37.5) | 0.04 |
| Systolic blood pressure | 127.1 (16.6) | 126.3 (14.9) | 0.7 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 75.9 (11.1) | 74.9 (10.5) | 0.4 |
| %Glycated hemoglobin (%A1C) | 7.4 (1.6) | 7.0 (1.2) | 0.7 |
| Pain score during last visit3 | 1.9 (3.1) | 1.9 (3.1) | 0.8 |
| Markers of acute illness burden, mean (sd) | |||
| Number of hospitalizations in the last 10y | 1.8 (4) | 1.4 (3) | 0.8 |
| Number of emergency department visits in the last 10 years | 3.4 (7.2) | 2.3 (4.6) | 0.1 |
| Markers of limited health literacy (%) | |||
| Limited English proficiency | 12.7 | 4.4 | 0.007 |
| Less than a high school degree | 58.9 | 31.8 | 0.002 |
| Markers of economic vulnerability (%) | |||
| Public health insurance | 14.6 | 7 | < 0.001 |
| Vulnerable neighborhood4 | 20.9 | 15.2 | 0.2 |
| Requires community resources5 | 32.9 | 19 | 0.005 |
| Racial/ethnic minority status | 51.9 | 35.4 | 0.003 |
| Markers of psychiatric illness burden (%) | |||
| Major psychiatric comorbidity6 | 17.1 | 4.4 | < 0.001 |
| Required urgent psychiatric evaluation during visit | 9.5 | 4.4 | 0.08 |
| Psychiatric hospitalization this year | 7 | 4.4 | 0.3 |
| High-risk behaviors (%) | |||
| Current smoker | 13.3 | 5.7 | 0.02 |
| Alcohol use disorder | 17.7 | 8.9 | 0.02 |
| Substance use disorder | 21.3 | 5.8 | < 0.001 |
| Markers of engagement with healthcare system (%) | |||
| College student status | 7.6 | 1.9 | 0.02 |
| < 30 years of age | 17.1 | 5.1 | < 0.001 |
| Continuity with primary care physician in the last year7 | 84 | 68.3 | < 0.001 |
| Un-kept visit/same day cancellation rate in the last year | 14.9 | 9.4 | 0.007 |
1p values were derived using a chi-squared test for rates, t tests for parametric continuous variables, and Wilcoxon ranked-sum tests for continuous non-parametric variables
2Clinical values determined from most recent measurement
3Using a standard 1–10 scale when vital signs are measured
4Neighborhoods in Boston that have been historically marked for disinvestment, including Dorchester, Roxbury, and Mattapan
5Determined by a referral to a staff community resource specialist at our clinic
6Based on prescriptions for mood stabilizers and anti-psychotics
7Percentage of total clinic visits each patient had with their primary care physician during the last year