Table 2.
Article Demographics of the 17 Included Empirical Studies
| No. | Author(s) and year | Journal | Study participants | Study design |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. | Mamede et al., 2012 | BMJ Quality and Safety | 4th year medical students (n = 50) and IM residents (n = 34) | Within-subjects, post-test only |
| 2. | Mamede et al., 2012 | Medical Education | 4th year medical student (n = 46) | Randomized, three-group, pre-post comparison |
| 3. | Mamede et al., 2014 | Academic Medicine | 4th year medical students (n = 110) | Randomized, three-group, pre-post comparison |
| 4. | Mamede et al., 2019 | Medical Education | 3rd year medical students (n = 80) | Randomized, three-group, pre-post comparison |
| 5. | Myung et al., 2013 | Medical Teacher | 4th year medical students (n = 145) | Randomized, two-group, post-test only |
| 6. | Chamberland et al., 2015 | Medical Education | 3rd year medical students (n = 54) | Randomized, three-group, pre-post comparison |
| 7. | Chamberland et al., 2015 | Advances in Health Science Education | 3rd year medical students (n = 53) | Randomized, three-group, pre-post comparison |
| 8. | Chamberland et al., 2011 | Medical Education | 3rd year medical students (n = 36) | Randomized, two-group, pre-post comparison |
| 9. | Peixoto et al., 2017 | Advances in Health Sciences education: Theory and Practice | 4th year medical students (n = 39) | Randomized, two-group, post-test only |
| 10. | Chai et al., 2017 | The Clinical Teacher | 3rd year medical students (n = 48) | Randomized, two-group, pre-post comparison |
| 11. | Chew et al., 2017 | BMC Medical Education | 5th year medical students (n = 88) | Quasi-experimental (non-equivalent two-group, post-test only) |
| 12. | Lambe et al., 2018 | Frontiers in Psychology | 4th and 5th year medical students (n = 184) | Randomized, three-group, post-test only |
| 13. | Shimizu et al., 2013 | Medical Teacher | 4th to 6th year medical students (n = 188) | Quasi-experimental (two-group, post-test only) |
| 14. | Sawanyawisuth et al., 2015 | Medical Teacher | 5th and 6th year medical students (n = 303) | Quasi-experimental (four-group, post-test only) |
| 15. | Wolpaw et al., 2009 | Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges | 3rd year medical students (n = 64) | Randomized, three-group post-test only |
| 16. | Lee et al., 2010 | Family Medicine | 4th year medical students (n = 53) | Randomized, two-group, pre-post comparison |
| 17. | Blisset et al., 2012 | Medical Education | 2nd year medical students (n = 53) | Randomized, two-group, post-test |