Table 1. Summary of various murine knockout models of BM components and the observed cardiac phenotypes.
| Model | Cardiac phenotypes observed | References |
|---|---|---|
| Lama4−/− mouse | - Rupture and dilation of the coronary microvasculature - Cardiac haemorrhage - Focal regions of fibrosis - Cardiomyocyte death |
[113,115] |
| Col4a1/Col4a2 double null mouse | - Cardiac haemorrhage - Bleeding within pericardium - Dilation of blood vessels |
[28] |
| Col4a2em1(IMPC)Wts mouse (homozygous knockout) | - Double outlet right ventricle - Ventricular septal defects - Malformations of the great intrathoracic arteries - Abnormal regions of tissue development |
[94] |
| Col18a1−/− mouse | - Increased coronary vascular permeability and neovascularisation | [91] |
| Col15a1−/− mouse | - Increased myocardial stiffness - Cardiomyocyte disorganisation - Myocardial capillary rupture - Increased coronary vascular permeability and narrowing - Decreased juvenile LV function |
[125,174] |
| Col6a1−/− mouse | - Improved cardiac function and reduced remodelling following MI | [182] |
| Perlecan−/− mouse | - Myocardial clefting - Cardiac haemorrhage - Bleeding within pericardium - Pericardial thickening - Transposition of the great arteries - Hyperplastic conotruncal endocardial cushions |
[54,107,127] |
| Nid1/Nid2 double null | - Myocardial clefting - Cardiac haemorrhage - Trabecular hypoplasia - Mild reduction in myocardial compaction |
[84] |