Table 5. Multiple Myeloma Staging System.

Stage	Durie-Salmon Staging System			R-ISS
I	• All of the followings:			• Serum beta2-microglobulin < 3.5 mg/L
		• Hemoglobin > 10 g/dL		• Serum albumin ≥ 3.5 g/dL
		• Serum calcium ≤ 12 mg/dL		• Standard-risk chromosomal abnormalities
		• Absence of bone disease or solitary plasmacytoma		• Normal lactate dehydrogenase
		• Serum paraprotein
			- IgG: < 5 g/dL,
			- IgA: < 3 g/dL
		• Urinary light chain excretion < 4 g/24 hours
II	Not Durie-Salmon Stage I or III			Not R-ISS Stage I or III
III	• Hemoglobin < 8.5 g/dL			• Serum beta2-microglobulin ≥ 5.5 mg/L
	• Serum calcium > 12 mg/dL			• And one of the following
	• Skeletal survey with > 2 lytic lesions				1) del (17p), t (4;14), and t (14;16)
	• Serum paraprotein				2) High lactate dehydrogenase level
		- IgG: > 7 g/dL
		- IgA: > 5 g/dL
	• Urinary light chain excretion > 12 g/24 hours

R-ISS = revised International Staging System