Table 4.
Estimated daily intake (mg/kg per day) of different metals in pharmaceutical herbal products, dietary supplements, and traditional herbal remedies containing Ginkgo biloba.
| Pharmaceutical Herbal Products | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Product Code | EDI (mg/kg/Day) Mn |
EDI (mg/kg/Day) Cu |
EDI (mg/kg/Day) Pb |
EDI (mg/kg/Day) As |
EDI (mg/kg/Day) Cd |
| P1 | 4.743 × 10−5 | 6.164 × 10−5 | 7.554 × 10−6 | N.D. | 4.415 × 10−7 |
| P2 | 3.004 × 10−6 | 2.271 × 10− 5 | 1.954 × 10−6 | N.D. | N.D. |
| P3 | 2.364 × 10−5 | 2.332 × 10−5 | 2.906 × 10−6 | 6.863 × 10−7 | N.D. |
| P4 | 1.008 × 10−5 | 1.416 × 10−5 | 2.896 × 10−6 | N.D. | 3.593 × 10−8 |
| P5 | 1.010 × 10−5 | 2.126 × 10−5 | 2.734 × 10−6 | N.D. | 2.614 × 10−8 |
| P6 | 2.299 × 10−4 | 1.215 × 10−4 | 3.438 × 10−6 | N.D. | 2.241 × 10−6 |
| P7 | 2.528 × 10−4 | 3.404 × 10−5 | 3.830 × 10−6 | N.D. | 1.726 × 10−6 |
| P8 | 1.525 × 10−4 | 7.165 × 10−5 | 2.140 × 10−6 | 3.319 × 10−6 | 9.231 × 10−8 |
| P9 | 7.090 × 10−7 | 1.396 × 10−5 | 1.593 × 10−6 | 1.379 × 10−6 | N.D. |
| P10 | 1.143 × 10−5 | 4.635 × 10−5 | 7.523 × 10−7 | 1.031 × 10−6 | 1.231 × 10−8 |
| Dietary Supplements | |||||
| Product Code |
EDI (mg/kg/Day)
Mn |
EDI (mg/kg/Day)
Cu |
EDI (mg/kg/Day)
Pb |
EDI (mg/kg/Day)
As |
EDI (mg/kg/Day)
Cd |
| S1 | 3.995 × 10−5 | 4.937 × 10−5 | 9.074 × 10−7 | N.D. | 6.795 × 10−8 |
| S2 | 9.703 × 10−4 | 1.301 × 10−4 | 2.492 × 10−6 | N.D. | 1.115 × 10−7 |
| S3 | 3.910 × 10−5 | 1.014 × 10−4 | 5.290 × 10−6 | N.D. | 1.338 × 10−7 |
| S4 | 9.265 × 10−5 | 4.389 × 10−5 | 2.727 × 10−5 | 2.682 × 10−5 | 1.627 × 10−7 |
| S5 | 1.118 × 10−3 | 3.106 × 10−4 | 4.548 × 10−5 | 8.451 × 10−6 | 2.393 × 10−6 |
| S6 | 1.373 × 10−3 | 3.359 × 10−3 | 2.336 × 10−4 | N.D. | 5.145 × 10−6 |
| S7 | 9.207 × 10−4 | 3.211 × 10−4 | 3.456 × 10−5 | 6.892 × 10−6 | 7.209 × 10−7 |
| S8 | 2.052 × 10−4 | 3.268 × 10−5 | 3.870 × 10−6 | 7.004 × 10−7 | 2.257 × 10−7 |
| S9 | 1.965 × 10−3 | 2.909 × 10−4 | 5.489 × 10−5 | 2.901 × 10−5 | 1.363 × 10−6 |
| S10 | 9.187 × 10−4 | 1.077 × 10−4 | 2.122 × 10−5 | 8.837 × 10−6 | 1.702 × 10−6 |
| S11 | 1.443 × 10−3 | 2.440 × 10−4 | 4.289 × 10−5 | 6.956 × 10−6 | 1.364 × 10−6 |
| S12 | 2.956 × 10−3 | 2.303 × 10−4 | 4.242 × 10−5 | 1.191 × 10−5 | 3.991 × 10−6 |
| S13 | 2.558 × 10−3 | 6.624 × 10−4 | 4.350 × 10−5 | 7.200 × 10−6 | 4.362 × 10−6 |
| Traditional Herbal Remedies | |||||
| Product Code |
EDI (mg/kg/Day)
Mn |
EDI (mg/kg/Day)
Cu |
EDI (mg/kg/Day)
Pb |
EDI (mg/kg/Day)
As |
EDI (mg/kg/Day)
Cd |
| T1 | 1.500 × 10−3 | 2.781 × 10−3 | 2.931 × 10−4 | N.D. | N.D. |
| T2 | 2.195 × 10−3 | 4.470 × 10−3 | 3.149 × 10−4 | N.D. | 3.297 × 10−6 |
| T3 | 1.276 × 10−3 | 4.574 × 10−3 | 1.398 × 10−4 | 2.865 × 10−4 | N.D. |
EDI: estimated daily intake; Mn: manganese; Cu: copper; Pb: lead; As: arsenic; Cd: cadmium; N.D.: Non-detectable.