Table 2.
Heart rate, respiratory rate and oxygen saturation during music therapy sessions.
| Vital Sign | Corrected Gestational Age, Weeks | Sessions, n | Mean before Therapy (95% CI) | Mean after Therapy (95% CI) | Mean Difference (95% CI) | Effect Size |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heart rate (beats per min) | all | 307 | 163.7 (162.1–165.4) | 158.8 (157.1–160.5) | −4.9 (−6.6–(−3.3)) | −0.33 |
| 24–27 | 14 | 169.8 (163.2–176.4) | 170.7 (165.1–176.3) | 0.9 (−4.8–6.6) | 0.08 | |
| 28–31 | 70 | 169.7 (166.8–172.6) | 169.0 (166.1–171.9) | −0.7 (−4.0–2.6) | −0.06 | |
| 32–35 | 139 | 164.4 (162.0–166.7) | 157.7 (155.4–160.0) | −6.7 (−9.0–(−4.4)) | −0.48 | |
| 36–39 | 69 | 157.5 (153.5–161.5) | 151.8 (148.5–155.2) | −5.6 (−9.5–(−1.8)) | −0.34 | |
| 40–43 | 15 | 153.5 (143.6–163.3) | 142.9 (133.8–151.9) | −10.6 (−23.3–2.1) | 0.60 | |
| Respiratory rate, | all | 300 | 53.3 (51.4–55.2) | 46.3 (44.6–47.9) | −7.0 (−9.2–(−4.8)) | −0.42 |
| (breaths per min) | 24–27 | 8 | 61.3 (51.9–70.6) | 50.8 (37.4–64.1) | −10.5 (−21.4–0.4) | −0.94 |
| 28–31 | 70 | 55.8 (51.7–59.9) | 47.1 (43.3–50.9) | −8.7 (−14.0–(−3.3)) | −0.51 | |
| 32–35 | 139 | 53.1 (50.4–55.9) | 45.9 (43.5–48.3) | −7.3 (−10.3–(−4.2)) | −0.44 | |
| 36–39 | 68 | 50.4 (46.4–54.3) | 45.1 (41.6–48.6) | −5.3 (−10.0–(−0.6)) | −0.32 | |
| 40–43 | 15 | 52.5 (42.3–62.6) | 49.3 (41.3–57.2) | −3.2 (−14.6–8.2) | −0.17 | |
| SaO2 (%) | all | 306 | 95.1 (94.6–95.7) | 96.6 (96.2–97.1) | 1.5 (1.0–2.0) | 0.31 |
| 24–27 | 14 | 89.4 (86.5–92.4) | 88.9 (86.8–91.0) | −0.5 (−3.8–2.8) | −0.10 | |
| 28–31 | 70 | 93.5 (92.2–94.7) | 94.7 (93.7–95.7) | 1.2 (−0.2–2.6) | 0.23 | |
| 32–35 | 139 | 96.0 (95.4–96.7) | 97.6 (97.2–98.1) | 1.6 (1.0–2.2) | 0.41 | |
| 36–39 | 68 | 96.1 (95.0–97.3) | 98.0 (97.4–98.7) | 1.9 (1.0–2.8) | 0.40 | |
| 40–43 | 15 | 95.3 (92.8–97.8) | 97.2 (95.4–99.0) | 1.9 (−0.6–4.4) | 0.42 |
Notes. CI = confidence interval. SaO2 = oxygen saturation.