Table 5.
The Penalty analysis and JAR variables (before tasting) for Jasmine brown and white rice.
| Rice | Attribute | Sensory Test | Correlation Coefficient a | Level | Selection% b | Mean c | Mean Drop d | Penalty e |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jasmine Brown | Aroma | Smell | 0.12 | Too low | 17.99 | 5.28 | 1.25 | |
| JAR | 53.24 | 6.53 | 0.85 ** | |||||
| Too high | 28.78 | 5.93 | 0.60 | |||||
| Colour | Visual | −0.35 | Too light | 10.79 | 5.87 | 1.0 | ||
| JAR | 51.08 | 6.87 | 1.52 * | |||||
| Too dark | 38.13 | 5.21 | 1.67 | |||||
| Hardness | Handling | −0.22 | Not hard enough | 13.67 | 6.0 | 0.62 | ||
| JAR | 52.52 | 6.62 | 1.03 * | |||||
| Too hard | 33.81 | 5.43 | 1.19 | |||||
| Fluffiness | Handling | 0.16 | Too low | 35.97 | 5.70 | 0.81 | ||
| JAR | 48.20 | 6.50 | 0.73 ** | |||||
| Too much | 15.83 | 5.96 | 0.55 | |||||
| Stickiness | Handling | 0.01 | Too low | 13.67 | 5.0 | 1.57 | ||
| JAR | 49.64 | 6.57 | 0.87 ** | |||||
| Too much | 36.69 | 5.96 | 0.60 | |||||
| Jasmine White | Aroma | Smell | 0.02 | Too low | 20.86 | 7.24 | −0.05 | |
| JAR | 48.92 | 7.19 | 0.08 | |||||
| Too high | 30.22 | 7.02 | 0.17 | |||||
| Colour | Visual | −0.09 | Too light | 17.27 | 7.25 | −0.06 | ||
| JAR | 70.50 | 7.19 | 0.15 | |||||
| Too dark | 12.23 | 6.77 | 0.43 | |||||
| Hardness | Handling | −0.12 | Not hard enough | 28.06 | 7.41 | −0.27 | ||
| JAR | 61.87 | 7.14 | −0.30 | |||||
| Too hard | 10.07 | 6.50 | 0.64 | |||||
| Fluffiness | Handling | 0.13 | Too low | 17.99 | 7.08 | −0.05 | ||
| JAR | 65.47 | 7.03 | −0.34 | |||||
| Too much | 16.55 | 7.70 | −0.66 | |||||
| Stickiness | Handling | −0.04 | Too low | 2.88 | 8.0 | −0.72 | ||
| JAR | 41.01 | 7.28 | 0.22 | |||||
| Too much | 56.12 | 7.01 | 0.27 |
a The impact of JAR variables for Jasmine brown and white rice on the overall liking (Spearman’s correlation coefficient with a significance level α = 0.05). The correlation coefficients (between JAR attributes and overall liking) show how much JAR attributes have impacted (“low” or “high”) on overall liking for rice samples [34]. When the correlation is positive, the “too little” has a bigger impact than the “too much”, and vice versa for the negative correlations. If correlation is “0” for a JAR attribute, then that attribute would have a strong impact on overall liking [35]. b Selection % is the percentage of consumers who rate the rice as too low, JAR, or too high on a given attribute. c Mean is the mean overall liking (9-point hedonic scale) of consumers who rated a given attribute as too low, JAR, or too high. d Mean drop is the decrease in liking compared to the mean liking of those who rated the attribute as JAR. e Penalty is a weighted difference between means (mean liking of JAR category minus the mean of liking for other two levels (too low and too high) taken together). * p ≤ 0.001, ** p ≤ 0.05.