Table 7.
The Penalty analysis and JAR variables (before tasting) for Medium grain brown and Medium grain white rice.
| Rice | Variable | Sensory Test | Correlation Coefficient a | Level | Selection% b | Mean c | Mean Drop d | Penalty e |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Medium Grain Brown | Aroma | Smell | −0.11 | Too low | 22.30 | 5.65 | 0.85 | |
| JAR | 39.57 | 6.49 | 0.96 ** | |||||
| Too high | 38.13 | 5.47 | 1.02 | |||||
| Colour | Visual | −0.44 | Too light | 8.63 | 5.83 | 1.02 | ||
| JAR | 48.92 | 6.85 | 1.84 * | |||||
| Too dark | 42.45 | 4.85 | 2.01 | |||||
| Hardness | Handling | −0.39 | Not hard enough | 4.32 | 6.0 | 0.70 | ||
| JAR | 41.01 | 6.70 | 1.34 * | |||||
| Too hard | 54.68 | 5.32 | 1.39 | |||||
| Fluffiness | Handling | 0.12 | Too low | 33.09 | 5.61 | 0.59 | ||
| JAR | 44.60 | 6.19 | 0.51 | |||||
| Too much | 22.30 | 5.81 | 0.39 | |||||
| Stickiness | Handling | 0.07 | Too low | 24.46 | 5.21 | 1.18 | ||
| JAR | 50.36 | 6.39 | 0.95 * | |||||
| Too much | 25.18 | 5.66 | 0.73 | |||||
| Medium Grain White | Aroma | Smell | 0.04 | Too low | 35.97 | 6.58 | 0.28 | |
| JAR | 39.57 | 6.86 | 0.21 | |||||
| Too high | 24.46 | 6.74 | 0.12 | |||||
| Colour | Visual | 0.05 | Too light | 14.39 | 6.50 | 0.28 | ||
| JAR | 72.66 | 6.78 | 0.20 | |||||
| Too dark | 12.95 | 6.67 | 0.12 | |||||
| Hardness | Handling | 0.14 | Not hard enough | 24.46 | 6.44 | 0.30 | ||
| JAR | 57.55 | 6.74 | 0.26 | |||||
| Too hard | 17.99 | 7.08 | −0.34 | |||||
| Fluffiness | Handling | 0.08 | Too low | 23.02 | 6.34 | 0.62 | ||
| JAR | 54.68 | 6.96 | 0.52 ** | |||||
| Too much | 22.30 | 6.55 | 0.41 | |||||
| Stickiness | Handling | −0.13 | Too low | 7.91 | 6.64 | 0.36 | ||
| JAR | 37.41 | 7.0 | 0.44 | |||||
| Too much | 54.68 | 6.55 | 0.45 |
a The impact of JAR variables for Jasmine brown and white rice on the overall liking (Spearman’s correlation coefficient with a significance level α = 0.05). The correlation coefficients (between JAR attributes and overall liking) show how much JAR attributes have impacted (“low” or “high”) on overall liking for rice samples. When the correlation is positive, the “too little” has a bigger impact than the “too much”, and vice-versa for the negative correlations. If correlation is “0” for a JAR attribute, then that attribute would have a strong impact on overall liking [35]. b Selection % is the percentage of consumers who rate the rice as too low, JAR, or too high on a given attribute. c Mean is the mean overall liking (9-point hedonic scale) of consumers who rated a given attribute as too low, JAR, or too high. d Mean drop is the decrease in liking compared to the mean liking of those who rated the attribute as JAR. e Penalty is a weighted difference between means (mean liking of JAR category minus the mean of liking for other two levels (too low and too high) taken together). * p ≤ 0.001, ** p ≤ 0.05.